Bonding & Properties of Matter- Structure & Bonding In Carbon

Question 1

The element ______ has different forms in which the atoms are arranged in different ways. These are diamond, graphite, graphene and fullerenes.

Answer 1

The element carbon has different forms in which the atoms are arranged in different ways. These are diamond, graphite, graphene and fullerenes.

Question 2

In diamond each carbon atom forms _ covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.

Answer 2

In diamond each carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.

Question 3

Diamond is very hard as it is held together by ______ covalent bonds.

Answer 3

Diamond is very hard as it is held together by strong covalent bonds.

Question 4

Diamond does not conduct electricity as it has no ____ (____________) electrons to ______ the charge.

Answer 4

Diamond does not conduct electricity as it has no free (delocalised) electrons to carry the charge.

Question 5

Graphite has a structure in which the carbon atoms form layers of _________ rings in which each carbon atom is bonded to _ other carbon atoms.

Answer 5

Graphite has a structure in which the carbon atoms form layers of hexagonal rings in which each carbon atom is bonded to 3 other carbon atoms.

Question 6

The layers of atoms in ________ are not bonded together and can slide over each other which makes graphite ____ and ________.

Answer 6

The layers of atoms in graphite are not bonded together and can slide over each other which makes graphite soft and slippery.

Question 7

Graphite can _______ ___________ as one electron from each carbon atom is delocalised.

Answer 7

Graphite can conduct electricity as one electron from each carbon atom is delocalised.

Question 8

Graphite is a good _______ conductor because of the delocalised electrons which can move through the layers.

Answer 8

Graphite is a good thermal conductor because of the delocalised electrons which can move through the layers.

Question 9

Graphene is a ______ layer of graphite so is just ___ atom thick.

Answer 9

Graphene is a single layer of graphite so is just one atom thick.

Question 10

_______ conducts electricity because it has ___________ electrons which can ____ through the structure and carry the ______. it is also very strong.

Answer 10

Graphene conducts electricity because it has delocalized electrons which can move through the structure and carry the charge. it is also very strong.

Question 11

___________ are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes.

Answer 11

Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes.

Question 12

Buckminster fullerene (bucky ball) has a formula of ___

Answer 12

Buckminster fullerene (bucky ball) has a formula of C60

Question 13

Carbon nanotubes have very high ______ to ________ ration.

Answer 13

Carbon nanotubes have very high length to diameter ration.

Question 14

___________ are finding uses eg to deliver drugs to specific body parts, as catalysts and as reinforcement for composite materials.

Answer 14

Fullerenes are finding uses eg to deliver drugs to specific body parts, as catalysts and as reinforcement for composite materials.

Question 15

Graphene will help create new developments in the electronics industry in the future.

Answer 15

Graphene will help create new developments in the electronics industry in the future.

Question 16

what is the main difference between simple covalent molecules and giant covalent molecules

Answer 16

contain millions of covalent bonds

Question 17

what state are giant covalent substances a room temperature

Answer 17

solids because they have high melting and boiling points

Question 18

why do giant covalent molecules have high melting and boiling points

Answer 18

they have millions of strong covalent bonds which require lots of energy to break

Question 19

what is diamond made from

Answer 19

carbon

Question 20

why is diamond a hard substance

Answer 20

it has millions and millions of carbon atoms

Question 21

what is the melting point of diamond

Answer 21

over 3700 degrees celsius

Question 22

what does silicon dioxide contain

Answer 22

silicon chemically bonded to oxygen

Question 23

silicon dioxide has a really ____ boiling and melting point because of the _____ covalent bonds which require ____ of energy to be _______.

Answer 23

silicon dioxide has a really high boiling and melting point because of the strong covalent bonds which require lots of energy to be broken

Question 24

what are the three properties of graphite

Answer 24

• soft, slippery
• high melting and boiling point
• good conductor of both electricity and heat

Question 25

what is the structure of a fullerene atom

Answer 25

usually have hexagonal rings however they can rings with 5, 6 or even 7 carbon atoms

Question 26

what was the first fullerene molecule to be discovered

Answer 26

buckminsterfullerene

Question 27

what are the useful properties of carbon nano tubes

Answer 27

• high tensile strength
• stretching force
• deloclised electrons - conduct electricity and heat
• reinforce materials e.g. high end tennis rackets

Question 28

polymers are very _____ molecules

Answer 28

large

Question 29

what are the starting molecules called for a polymer

Answer 29

monomers

Question 30

what are key points

Answer 30

• alkene monomer has a double covalent bond, in the polymer you have single covalent bonds

Question 31

what is the shorthand way of writing a polymer

Answer 31

the repeating unit

Question 32

what are the three key ideas about the repeating unit

Answer 32

• shows a single covalent bond
• covalent molecule on the end of the molecule extend out past the bracket
• lowercase n represents a large number

Question 34

why are polymers solids at room temperature

Answer 34

strong intermolecular forces meaning lots of energy required to break so high melting point