Bonding (Chapter 5)

Question 0

Why do you think valence electrons are the most loosely held?

Answer 0

• they are the furthest away from the (positively) charged nucleus
• also have the most energy so they can get farther away from the nucleus

Question 1

What are valence electrons?

Answer 1

• electrons in the outermost and highest energy level
• most loosely held
• take part in bonding

Question 2

Electron Dot Diagrams/Lewis Structures:

Answer 2

-consist of the symbol for an element surrounded by dots representing the valence electrons

ex. •
: O :
•

Question 3

What is a chemical bond?

Answer 3

-force of attraction that holds two atoms together

Question 4

What happens at microscopic level when 2 atoms form chemical bonds?

Answer 4

-valence electrons are either transferred or shared between atoms

Question 5

What determines the reactivity of an element?

Answer 5

the number of valence electrons

Question 6

What atoms typically empty their outershell (give away v.e.)?

Answer 6

atoms with less than 4 ve (the metals)

Question 7

Which atoms typically fill their outer shell by gaining or sharing electrons?

Answer 7

atoms with 4 or more valence electrons (the nonmetals)

Question 8

Why do atoms want a full shell?

Answer 8

• it gives them stability

- the Octet rule

Question 9

Why is Hydrogen placed as a group 1 element although it is not a metal?

Answer 9

-has 1 v.e. like other group 1 elements

Question 10

What is an ion?

Answer 10

atom or group of atoms that have become electrically charged

Question 11

How does a positive ion form?

Answer 11

giving away 1 or more electrons