Bonding and Structure (atoms, elements, molecules) Flashcards
What is an element
An element is one type of atom
What is a mixture
Two or more things which are not chemically bound
What is a compound
Two or more things which are chemically bound
What is the charge on a proton, neutron, and electron
Proton ~ +1
Neutron ~ 0
Electron ~ -1
What is the atomic mass of a proton, neutron, and electron
Proton ~ 1
Neutron ~ 1
Electron ~ 1/2000
What are cations & anions
Cations - positive ions
Anions-negative ions
How are cations & anions formed
Cations - metals lose an electron and turn into a positive ion
Anions - non-metals gain an electron and turn into negative ions
What is ionic bonding
The strong electrostatic force of attraction between positive ions & negative ions/ positively charged
What are the properties of an ionic compound
- High melting & boiling points because of strong electrostatic force of attraction between the oppositely charged ions
- good electrical conductivity when aqueous or molten because the ions are separated and have their own charge
- generally soluble in water.
What is the structure of ionic compounds
Giant lattice structure, which is the regular arrangement of alternating positive & negative ions
What is a diatomic molecule and which elements are diatomic
molecules that contain only two atoms bonded to one another
Group 7 & oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
What is covalent bonding
A shared pair of electrons
When is a covalent bond formed
When pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, to make a full outer shell
What are the properties of simple molecular compounds(covalent)
- Low melting & boiling points due to week intermolecular forces
- poor electrical conductivity as they do not have charge
Why graphite a good lubricant & electrode
The inter molecular forces are weak which makes it slide easily & there is one free electron
