bonding and structure

Question 1

what is covalent bonding?

Answer 1

a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, they are strong as there is a strong electrostatic attraction between these shared electrons

Question 2

why do giant covalent lattices have a much greater melting point than simple covalent molecules?

Answer 2

the covalent bonds between the atoms in a giant covalent lattice are much stronger

Question 3

why are ionic substances only conductive when dissolved?

Answer 3

when dissolving the solid causes the ions to be mobile, solid the ions are unable to move and carry a charge, and they can therefore then carry a charge

Question 4

why do covalent and ionic lattices have high melting points?

Answer 4

both lattices contain atoms that have multiple strong bonds around them, these bonds take a large amount of energy to be broken

Question 5

what are the non-linear bond angle and conditions?

Answer 5

104.5 degrees
two bonded pairs and two lone pairs

Question 6

what are the trigonal planar bond angles and conditions?

Answer 6

120 degrees
three bonded pairs

Question 7

what are the trigonal pyramidal bond angle and conditions?

Answer 7

107 degrees
three bonded pairs and one lone pair

Question 8

what are the tetrahedral bond angles and conditions?

Answer 8

109.5 degrees
four bonded pairs

Question 9

what are the octahedral bond angle and conditions?

Answer 9

90 degrees
six bonded pairs

Question 10

how does bonding occur in an ionic lattice?

Answer 10

the attraction between ions of different charges and the repulsion between ions of the same charge causes overall attraction in the lattice