atomic structure

Question 1

what are the shapes of s and p orbitals?

Answer 1

s = circular
p = dumbbell

Question 2

what are orbitals?

Answer 2

orbitals are regions in the space around an atom where electrons are most likely to be found, they can contain a maximum of two electrons

Question 3

how are electrons arranged in orbitals?

Answer 3

electrons fill from the lowest energy orbital first, preferring to occupy orbitals by themselves, only pairing up when there are no lower energy orbitals left to fill

Question 4

order of orbitals

Answer 4

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p

Question 5

how many e- does each orbital take?

Answer 5

s = 2e-
p = 6e-
d = 8e-

Question 6

why does the 4s orbital fill before the 3d orbital?

Answer 6

the 4s orbital is of a lower energy than the 3d orbital, so it fills up first

Question 7

what is the plumb pudding model?

Answer 7

charge is equally distributed around the atom

Question 8

what did the geiger-mardsden experiment show?

Answer 8

it showed that the atom contained a very small, dense, positive nucleus

Question 9

what is fusion?

Answer 9

when two lighter nuclei collide and combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy

Question 10

what are the conditions for fusion to happen?

Answer 10

a very high temperature and pressure