Bonding And Structure Flashcards
Define the octet rule (3 bullet points)
Atoms of elements bond together so that each atom has 8 electrons in its outer shell
Unpaired electrons pair up by sharing or transferring electrons
This results in each atom having the same configuration as a noble gas (stable)
Define ionic bonding
The electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
What type of elements does ionic bonding occur between
A metal and a non metal
Explain how electrons are transferred between a metal and a non metal to form an ionic bond and what this results in
Electrons are transferred from the metal (forming a positive ion) to the nonmetal (forming a negative ion). This results in both ions having the same electron configurations as the nearest noble gas
Which noble gas does the sodium ion resemble
Ne
Explain how ions are formed from atoms of metals in groups 1-3
They lose electrons to form positive ions
Explain how ions are formed from atoms of non metals in groups 5-7
They gain electrons to form negative ions
Give the formula for the ion ‘Nitrate’
Give the formula for the ion ‘Carbonate’
Give the formula for the ion ‘Sufate’
Give the formula for the ion ‘Ammonium’
Draw a dot and cross diagram to represent Magnesium Chloride
What type of structures do substances that have ionic bonding form
Giant ionic structures
Explain the structure and bonding of sodium chloride
Sodium chloride is made up of a lattice of positive ions and negative ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction (ionic bonds)
Each Na+ ion is surrounded by 6 Cl- ions
Each Cl- ion is surrounded by 6 Na+ ions
Explain why a chloride ion is bigger than a sodium ion
There are more shells in the chloride ion
