bonding and structure Flashcards

1
Q

what is ionic bonding

A

electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

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2
Q

how are ionic compounds held together

A

giant lattice
electrostatic between positive and negative ions holds structure together

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3
Q

properties of ionic substances

A

high melting points
do not conduct electricity when solid
conduct when molten or dissolved

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4
Q

what is a covalent bond

A

shared pair of electrons between 2 atoms
usually both non metal

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5
Q

structures of simple covalent

A

small molecules

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6
Q

c

A

don’t conduct electricity
low melting and boiling
weak intermolecular forces

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7
Q

what is a polymer

A

very larger molecules with atoms linked by covalent bonds

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8
Q

what are giant covalent substances

A

atoms bonded together in a giant lattice

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9
Q

example of giant covalent substances

A

diamond
graphite
silicon dioxide

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10
Q

properties of diamond

A

4 strong covalent bonds for each C atom
very strong
very high melting point
doesn’t conduct electricity

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11
Q

properties of graphite

A

c

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12
Q

why can graphite conduct electricity

A

one delocalised per carbon atom

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13
Q

properties of fullerenes

A

hollow shaped molecules

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14
Q

what carbon fullerene has a spherical shape

A

C60
(buckminsterfullerene)

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15
Q

what is graphene

A

single layer of graphite

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16
Q

what is metallic bonding

A

forces of attraction between delocalised electrons of metal ions

17
Q

properties of metals

A

high melting point
good conductors
malleable

18
Q

what are alloys

A

mixture of metal with other elements

19
Q

example of an alloy

A

steel

20
Q

why are alloys harder than pure metals

A

different atom sizes distort the layers and therefore cannot slide over each other

21
Q

what are limitations of the simple atom model

A

no forces between spheres
shown as solid

22
Q

intermolecular forces

A

forces of attraction that act with neighbouring particles

23
Q

why do giant covalent substances have high melting points

A

lots if energy needed to break strong covalent bonds between atoms

24
Q

why do small molecules have low melting points

A

small amount of energy needed to break weak intermolecular forces

25
Q

3 uses for fullerenes

A

lubricants
drug delivery
high tech electronics

26
Q

what is an ion

A

atom that has lost or gained electrons

27
Q

what type of elements form ionic bonds

A

non metal and metal

28
Q

what charge ions do group 7 make

A

1-

29
Q

when can ionic structures conduct electricity

A

when molten or dissolved

30
Q

molecular formula of propane

A

C3H6O