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chemistry > Bonding and Properties of Matter > Flashcards

Bonding and Properties of Matter Flashcards

1
Q

what ion do group 1 form? (metal)

A

+1 ion

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2
Q

what ion do group 2 form? (metal)

A

+2 ion

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3
Q

what ion do group 6 form? (nonmetal)

A

-2 ion

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4
Q

what ion do group 7 form? (nonmetal)

A

-1 ion

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5
Q

what is covalent bonding

A

the sharing of electrons between 2 non metals

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6
Q

what is ionic bonding

A

the transfer of electrons from a metal to non metal

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7
Q

describe the properties of pure metals & why they are like this

A
  • conduct electricity & heat easily (delocalised electrons can carry the electrical current/thermal energy)
  • soft (have layers meaning they can slide across each other)
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8
Q

describe the properties of alloy metals & why they are like this

A
  • hard (have distorted layers so cannot slide across each other)
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9
Q

what is the structure of ionic compounds

A
  • giant ionic lattice
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10
Q

describe the properties of ionic compounds & why they are like this

A
  • high melting and boiling point (have many bonds so takes lots of energy to break them)
  • only conducts when molten or dissolved (ions must be free to move)
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11
Q

describe the properties of simple covalent compounds & why they are like this

A
  • low melting/boiling points (molecules joined by strong covalent bonds but held together by weak forces thatre easily broken)
  • dont conduct electricity (2 non metals so no delocalised electrons)
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12
Q

give examples of simple covalent compounds

A
  • H2O
  • CO2
  • HCl
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13
Q

give examples of ionic compounds

A
  • MgO
  • NaCl
  • KBr
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14
Q

give examples of alloy metals

A
  • steel
  • brass
  • bronze
  • gold (in jewellery)
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15
Q

give examples of pure metals

A
  • gold
  • silver
  • sodium
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16
Q

give examples of giant covalent compounds

A
  • fullerenes ie buckminsterfullerene
  • graphite
  • diamond
  • silica
17
Q

describe the properties of giant covalent compounds & why they are like this

A
  • high metling/boiling points
  • do not conduct electricity
  • do not dissolve
18
Q

what is the structure of diamond

A
  • giant covalent structure
  • made of pure carbon
  • each carbon bonded to 4 other atoms
19
Q

describe why the properties of diamond make it useful

A
  • very hard bc of the many bonds

- we can use it in drills

20
Q

describe why the properties of graphite make it useful

A
  • layers of graphene slide over each other weak forces btwn the layers so is very soft
  • conducts electricity (delocalised electrons move through the graphite, carrying charge)
  • v.high melting/boiling point (lots of v. strong covalent bonds so lots of energy needed to break them)
  • we use it for lubricants and pencils
21
Q

what is the structure of graphite

A
  • made of layers of graphene
  • made of pure carbon
  • each carbon makes 3 bonds with other atoms
22
Q

compare the properties of buckminsterfullerenes and carbon nanotubes

A
  • both: pure carbon, make 3 carbon bonds, hard, used for drug delivery
  • buckminsterfullerene used for reinforcements in buildings
23
Q

what are polymers

A
  • Polymers are very large molecules made when many smaller molecules join together, end-to-end
  • Alkenes can be used to make polymers.
  • smaller molecules are called monomers
  • lots of monomer molecules → a polymer molecule
24
Q

give uses of certain polymers

A
  • polyethen used for plastic bags and bottles
  • polypropene used for crates and ropes
  • polychloroethene used for water pipes and insulation on electricity cables
25
Q

give examples of alkenes forming polymers

A

Alkenes can act as monomers because they have a double bond:

Ethene can polymerise to form poly(ethene),AKA polythene.
Propene can form poly(propene), AKA polypropylene.

26
Q

compare properties of polymer chains with cross links and without cross links

A
  • polymers with cross links (cannot slide across each other: fixed in place, burn upon heating)
  • polymers without cross links (can slide across each other so melt upon heating))
27
Q

what is nanotechnology

A
  • rearranging/ manipulating atoms to make other useful structures
  • about 100 nanometres across.
28
Q

describe the properties of nanotechnology & why they are like this

A
  • high surface area to volume ration (as you get smaller, you increase surface area)
  • strong forces btwn surfaces/ reactive(Atoms on the surface of a material more reactive than in the centre, so a larger SA means the material is more reactive.)
29
Q

what are the uses of nano technology

A
  • sports equipment: added to materials to make them stronger whilst being lighter. used in tennis rackets
  • clothing: silver nanoparticles added to socks, stopping them from absorbing foot odour as the nanoparticles have antibacterial properties
  • healthcare: used in sunscreens,offering protection and can be rubbed in so there are no white marks.
30
Q

what are the concerns about nanopartilces

A

Harmful effects

  • may be able to enter the brain from the bloodstream and cause harm(toxic).
  • Some people think more tests should take place before nanoparticles of a material are used on a wider scale.

chemistry (9 decks)

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