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Yr9 Chemistery > Bonding and nanoparticles and states of matter > Flashcards

Bonding and nanoparticles and states of matter Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of bonding?

A

Ionic bonding
Covalent bonding
Metallic bonding

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2
Q

Covalent bonding between…

A

Two non-metals

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3
Q

Ionic bonding between…

A

A metal and non-metal

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4
Q

Metallic bonding…

A

Electrostatic force of attraction within a metal

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5
Q

Ions

A

When an element loses or gains an electron

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6
Q

An ionic compound is a…

A

giant structure

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7
Q

Ionic bonding: High or low melting and boiling point? Why?

A

High because the giant structure
really strong bonds
need a lot of energy to break

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8
Q

Ions are very…

A

closely packed together

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9
Q

Do ions conduct electricity?

A

Yes, when they are in the water or are molten

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10
Q

Why ions conduct electricity when in water or molten

A

Then they can carry a charge because they are free to move

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11
Q

Metals always… an electron and a non-metal

always… an electron

A

lose

gains

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12
Q

… … between ions

A

Strong electrostatic forces

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13
Q

What should we consider before writing a ratio of an ionic bond?

A

The metal goes first

It is supposed to be in its simplest form

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14
Q

What are the limitations in showing ions in 3D?

A

Each of the ions are represented as spheres
Does not show the charges
How the ions were formed

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15
Q

What are the limitations in showing ions in 2D?

A

The diagram is not three dimensional

Does not show the structural arrangement of ions

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16
Q

What are the limitations in showing ions in ball and stick

A

No sticks/gap between the bonds

Does not show charges

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17
Q

Difference between an ion and an atom?

A

Atom when neutral

Ion when there is a charge

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18
Q

After the covalent bond has been formed all elements must have…

A

a full outer shell

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19
Q

Covalent bonding can also be in an element

A

Because gases are diatomic molecules except for the noble gases

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20
Q

How many pairs can you have in a covalent bond

A

Up to 3

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21
Q

In a covalent bond can there be one electron more contributed than the other elemen?

A

No, it should be in pairs

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22
Q

Limitations of covalent bonding in Dot and cross diagrams?

A

Size of the atom

Intermolecular forces

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23
Q

Limitations of covalent bonding in a structure

A

How covalent bonds are formed

Size of the atom

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24
Q

Limitations of covalent bonding in ball and stick method?

A

How covalent bonds are made

That bonds are not sticks

25
Limitations of covalent bonding in space-filling model
How covalent bonds are formed | Which elements are present( unless given a color key)
26
Limitations of covalent bonding in 2D
Not accurate
27
Limitations of covalent bonding in 3D
Difficult to see 3D packing with no spacing
28
Intermolecular forces are...
weak and are easy to break
29
Small molecules conduct/ does not conduct electrecity?
does not
30
Intermolecular forces strength increases as...
the bigger the molecule
31
Polymers and fullerenes are...
large molecules | covalent bonding
32
Name covalent bonding- giant molecules
Silicon dioxide diamonds graphite graphene
33
Polymers and fullerenes have a ... intermolecular force
strong
34
Giant molecules covalent bond have ... intermolecular forces
no
35
Giant molecules properties
Does not conduct electrecity Usually insoluble in water no intermolecular forces
36
Allastropes
Different forms of same element
37
Allastropes of carbon
Diamond Graphite Graphene Fullerenes
38
Properties of diamond
``` Allastrope of carbon Carbon in group 4 so can form a maximum of 4 bonds Hardest natural material Has a very high melting point it does not conduct electricity ```
39
Properties of Graphite
Each carbon atom forms 3 covalent bonds This forms a layer of hexagonal rings Layers are free to move over each other as there are no covalent bonds between layers Has high boiling and melting point It does conduct electricity and thermal energy because there is a delocalize electron free to carry a charge There is weak forces between layers
40
Properties of graphine
one layer of graphite one atom thick- one layer so if you see it sideway then it is one layer of carbon joined together so thickness of one carbon
41
Properties of fullerenes
A molecule of carbon atoms forming a hallow 3D shapes Based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms Rings may contain 5 to 7 carbon atoms First discovered was fullerene Buckminster, fullerene Can be used for drug delivery, a lubricant and a catalyst Drug delevery- hexagonal ring can be used as a cage and put in a certain part
42
Lubricant
Something that makes something slippery
43
Why are fullerenes used to make tennis rackets?
Hard impact does not break will stretch
44
Properties of fullernes- nanotubes
``` Nanotubes are cyndrical fullerenes High tensile strength High electrical conductivity High thermal conductivity Used for reinforcing materials e.g tennis racket and bullet vests if you stretch it it does not break ```
45
In metallic bonding can you conduct electrecity
Yes because in atom there is a delocalised electron so it can carry charge
46
Metallic bonding malleable?
yes, atoms can slide over each other
47
Alloys
Mixture of metals
48
What hapeens within a alloy
metal becomes stronger and it is difficult for layers to slide over each other because the layers are broken cause atoms are of different sizes
49
States of matter- limitations of a particle model
Assumes that paticles are the same in reality from different elements mass or size the force of attraction between them energy
50
Melting point
point of temp when it turns from solid to liquid | When you heat a solid the particle svibrate and the force of attraction weakens
51
Boiling point
Is when it turns from a liquid to a gas | they vibrate a lot and then the force of attractio breaks
52
Melting and boiling point depends on:
The type of bonding and structure covalent structure the length of the chain( more links) and forces between particles
53
``` What are the state symbols for: liquid solid gas aqueous ```
l s g aq
54
When aqueous?
When something is dissolved in water Most acid and alkali solutions are aqueous All acids have hydrogen Alkalis will end in OH or O Every liquid is aqueous unless it is a pure form like pure water An ionic bond will be a aqueous
55
Size of a nanometer
1 billion times smaller than a meter Are smaller than fine particles( PM (2.5 lowercase)) Smaller than coarse particles( PM (10 in lower case))
56
Because nanoparticles are so small they have a
very high surface area to volume ratio( useful in chemical reactions)
57
Uses of nanoparticles: ( at least 4)
``` Cosmetics clothing healthcare industrial biomedical food catalyst paint ```
58
Why are people concerned about nm?
Because they say they can be toxic and can enter the bloodstream and brain. Before increasing the number of us they should do more research

Yr9 Chemistery (6 decks)

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