Bonding and Chemical Interactions Flashcards
Which elements do not follow the octet rule?
the first five elements
H (2), He (2), Li (2), Be (4), B (6)
What elements can have expanded octets and how?
elements in period 3 and beyond can have expanded octets by incorporating d orbitals
common expanded octets are phosphorous, silican, sulfur, and chlorine
By just counting electrons in a molecule, how can you tell that the molecule disobeys the octet rule?
molecules with an odd number of electrons disobey the octet rule
In terms of ionization energy and electron affinity, what is an ionic bond?
ionic bond is the transfer of an electron from an atom with a low ionization energy to an atom with a high electron affinity
What are two unique physical and chemical properties of ionic compounds?
- dissociate in polar solvents
2. solids have high melting points
what is bond energy?
the energy required to break a bond by separating its components into isolated gaseous atoms
what are the electronegativity difference ranges for nonpolar, polar, and ionic bonds?
nonpolar: 0-0.5
polar: 0.5-1.7
ionic: >1.7
Do nonbonding or bonding electrons exert more repulsion?
nonbonding electrons exert more repulsion because they are closer to the nucleus
How to calculate formal charge?
formal charge = # electrons in valence shell on Ptable - # nonbonding electrons - 1/2# bonding electrons
what is the difference between electronic and molecular geometry?
electronic geometry is geometry of all electrons, whereas molecular geometry is only geometry of bonded electrons
what are 7 shapes in VSEPR theory?
linear, bend, trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal (PCl5), octahedral (SF6)
what is the ideal bond angle in tetrahedral electronic geometry?
109.5 degrees
