Bonding

Question 1

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Answer 1

Electrostatic attraction holds positive + negative ions held together

They can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved

Have high melting points. The faint ionic lattices are held together by strong electrostatic forces

Ionic Compounds dissolve in water so it’s soluble .

Question 2

Properties of Graphite

Answer 2

Conduct electricity as there are delocalised electrons that are free to move

High MP due to many strong covalent bonds

Low Density as layers are far apart compared to Covalent bond length

Layers slide easy as there are weak forces between layers

Question 3

Give the shape of BeH2 and the bond angle

Answer 3

Shape is linear and bond angle is 180

Question 4

Give the shape of BF3 and bond angle

Answer 4

Trigonal Planar and bond angle is 120

Question 5

Give the shape of CH4 and the bond angle

Answer 5

Tetrahedral and bond angle is 109.5

Question 6

Give the shape of PF5 and the bond angle

Answer 6

Trigonal Bipyramidal and bond angle is 120 & 90

Question 7

Give the shape of SF6 and the bond angle

Answer 7

Octahedral and bond angle is 90

Question 8

Give the shape of NH3 and the bond angle

Answer 8

Trigonal Pyramidal and bond angle is 107

Question 9

Give the shape of H2O and bond angle

Answer 9

Bent and bond angle is 104.5

Question 10

Give the shape of SO2 and bond angle

Answer 10

Bent and bond angle is 120

Question 11

Give the Shape of ClF3 and bond angle

Answer 11

T shape and bond angle is 89

Question 12

Give the Shape of SF4 and bond angle

Answer 12

Distorted Tetrahedron and bond angle is 89 and 118

Question 13

Give the Shape of XeF2 and bond angle

Answer 13

Linear and bond angle is 180

Question 14

Give the Shape of XeF4 and bond angle

Answer 14

Square Planar and bond angle is 90

Question 15

Give the Shape of ClF5

Answer 15

Square Pyramidal and <90

Question 16

What is Co-ordinate Bonding

Answer 16

Type of covalent bond in which only 1 atom provides the shared pair of electrons and represented by an arrow

Question 17

What is meant by the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory?

Answer 17

Lone pair charge clouds repel more than bonding pair charge clouds, so bond angles are reduced

Question 18

Properties of Diamond

Answer 18

Very High Melting Point due to many strong covalent bonds

Insoluble as the covalent bonds are too strong to break

Doesn’t conduct electricity as it doesn’t have any delocalised electrons

Conducts Heat well as it is a tightly packed rigid molecule

Question 19

What is Electronegativity?

Answer 19

This is the measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 20

Trend of Electronegativity across a Period?

Answer 20

The Electronegativity increases because Atomic Charge increases and it’s in the same shell

Question 21

Trend of Electronegativity down a group?

Answer 21

The Electronegativity
Decreases because there is more shielding and the outer most electrons are further away from nucleus. Also decreases despite having more protons

Question 22

What are Van der Waal forces

Answer 22

Forces that occur between all molecules but are the only forces between non polar molecules

Question 23

What are Dipole dipole forces

Answer 23

Forces of attraction between polar molecules

Question 24

What is Hydrogen Bonding?

Answer 24

Force that occurs between molecules which have H covalently bonded to N, O or F. It is the strongest Intermolecular force