Bonding Flashcards
What does having a ‘loose’ relationship with electrons mean?
They will be more freely donated and shared
What is ionic bonding?
A chemical link between two oppositely charged ions caused by electrostatic force
What are ionic bonds always between?
Metals and non-metals
Name five properties of ionic compounds
- They have no permanent links
- They have a lattice structure e.g. salt
- They have high melting and boiling points
- They are water soluble
- They are made up of positively charged ions surrounded by negatively charged ions
What is covalent bonding?
A chemical link that is formed when two atoms share electron pairs
Always between non-metals
Have a lower melting and boiling point
What is SP3 Hybridisation?
When the 2S and 3 SP orbitals of carbon combine into four identical orbitals (known as SP3 hybrids)
The 2S and 2P form a SP3 sub shell containing 4 electrons
Makes the atom more stable as the outer sub shell now only requires 4 electrons to be complete
What is the uncertainty principle?
Where both chemicals can claim electrons as their own
What is co-ordinate bonding?
A co-ordinate covalent bond is a covalent link between two atoms, but in which both of the shared electrons come from one of the bonding partners
What is a single carbon bond known as?
A sigma bond
What is a double carbon bond known as?
A sigma-pi bond
Why do carbon compounds have low melting and boiling points?
They have no charge and strong intra and intermolecular forces
