Bonding Flashcards
Electronegativity difference of an ionic bond
1.7 or greater
Properties of ionic bonds
Strong
Hard crystal structures
High melting points
Solids
When are ionic cmpds good conductors
When they are dissolved in water (NOT AS SOLIDS)
What must be true for a substance to be a good conductor.
The substance must be free of charged particles
Oxidation state for fluorine (F)\
+2 or +3
Oxidation state for nickel (Ni)
+2 or +3
Oxidation state for copper (Cu)
+1 or +2
Oxidation state for gold (Au)
+1 or +3
Oxidation state for tungsten (W)
+6
Oxidation state for zinc (zn)
+2
Oxidation state for silver (Ag)
+1
Oxidation state for cadmium (Cd)
+2
Oxidation state for Aluminum (Al)
+3
Oxidation state for Boron (B)
+3
Old system name for iron
Ferr
Old system name for nickle
Nice
Old system name for copper
Cup
Old system name for gold
Aur
Old system for naming ionic cmpds: suffix for higher of the oxidation states
-ic
Old system for naming ionic cmpds: suffix for lower of the oxidation states
-ous
Covalent bonds
Bond between 2 or more nonmetals only
Electronegativity difference of covalent bonds
1.7 or less
Properties of covalent bonds
Weaker bonds than ionic Lower melting\ boiling points Softer cmpds Could be solid liquid or gas POOR conductor in all phases
Polar bonds form….
Molecules or molecular compounds (same thing)
Polar covalent bonds
Unequal sharing of electrons between dif nonmetals
Non-polar covalent bonds
Equal sharing of electrons between the same nonmetal
DIATOMIC ELEMENTS
The more polar the bond is the more…
Ionic it acts
Ionic bond
Bond between a metal and a nonmetal
Poly atomic ions
Polar molecule
Unequal distribution of electrons
Asymmetrical
Results in dipoles
Non-polar molecule
Equal distribution of atoms around molecule
Symmetrical
No dipoles
Coordinate covalent bonds
A bond in which one of the bonding atoms comes with no valence electrons to share known as a “free loader”
Only 1 can form and its usually a H+ ion
H3O+
NH4+
Network solids
Complete covalent bonds
Elements that have expanded octet
Al, Si*, P , S
Elements with an incomplete (limited) octet
Li, Be, B*
Substances with both ionic and covalent bonds have
Polyatomic ions
Metallic bonds
1 metal all alone
Hold atoms of the same metal together
“Cations immersed in a sea of mobile electrons”
Properties of metallic bonds
Strong bonds Hard High mp Solid (except hg) Conduct electricity in solid and liquid phase
Hydrogen bonding
A positive to negative attraction between the same polar molecules
Positive dipoles attract negative
What molecules have hydrogen bonds
H2O, HF, NH3
Dipole - dipole attraction
Attraction between the same polar molecule
Van Der Waals forces / London dispersion forces
Weakest force of attraction
Exists in non polar molecules and noble gases
Based on temporary dipoles created by a temporary shift in electrons
