Bonding Flashcards
What is the difference between the properties of metals and non-metals?
Metals // Non-Metals
Shiny // Dull
High Melting Point // Low Melting Point
Room Temp Solid // Half Solid Half Gas
Malleable // Brittle
Ductile // Non-ductile
Conductive // Insulators
How do metals and non-metals react?
Metals lose electrons to form cations whereas non-metals gain electrons to form anions.
Metal oxides produce alkaline solutions whereas non-metals oxides produce acidic solutions
How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
Elements are arranged in ascending atomic number. A period is a row, all elements in the period have the same number of electron shells. A group is a column and all elements in the group have the same number of electrons in the outer shell.
What are ions?
An ion is an electrically charged particle formed when an atom loses or gains electrons. All ions have a full outer shell of electrons
How do ionic compounds form?
When a metal reacts with a non-metal electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non-metal so they achieve a more stable structure. They are then opposingly charged and are attracted by the electrostatic force of attraction
What is the structure and bonding in ionic compounds?
Ionic compounds are arranged in giant ionic lattices. The ions are held in place by ionic bonds which act in all directions. These bonds are strong
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is where two non-metal atoms share a pair of electrons. By sharing electrons, the atoms complete their outer shells. The positively charged nuclei is then electrostatically attracted to the extra electrons in the outer shell
What are simple molecules?
A simple molecule is a molecule that only contains a few atoms. These substances are made up only of non-metals joined by covalent bonds
What is the structure and bonding in simple molecules?
Covalent bonds have electrostatic force of attraction between the positively charged nuclei and the shared electrons. The intermolecular forces between simple molecules are weak
What are giant covalent structures?
A giant covalent structure consists of many non-metal atoms joined by covalent bonds and arranged in a repeating regular pattern. These structures are also called giant covalent lattices
What are polymers?
Polymers are made of many smaller molecules called monomers. These are able to join end to end in chemical reactions to produce longer molecules.
What are the bonds present between different polymer strands?
The strong covalent bonds between individual polymer molecules are called cross-links. There are also weak intermolecular forces between polymer molecules
What is the structure of metals like?
The atoms are packed together in a regular rows to form a giant metallic lattice. There is a sea of delocalised electrons between them
What are the metallic bonds in metals like?
In metallic structures, electrons leave the outer shells of the atoms forming a sea of delocalised electrons around the positively charged metal ions. The electrons are free to move in the structure. The metallic bonds are the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the electrons and the closely packed metal ions
How did Mendeleev’s periodic table look like?
Mendeleev arranged all the elements known at the time of increasing atomic weight and grouped ones with similar chemical properties.
He swapped tellurium and iodine.
He left spaces for elements he thought would exist.
It was showed in groups as rows not columns initially.
