bonding Flashcards
ion definition
atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge
how are ionic bonds formed
the transfer of electrons between atoms through reactions to produce cations and anions, each element wants to reach a full outer shell
meaning of ending -ide in a compound (referring to ions)
ide is generally used for non-metal compounds which form anions, e.g. sodium chlorIDE
meaning of ending -ate in a compound
if the compound contains three or more elements including oxygen
meaning of -ide ending in compounds (not referring to ions)
if the compound only contains two elements
structure of an ionic compound
- lattice structure consisting of a regular arrangement of ions
- held together by strong electrostatic forces (ionic bonds) between oppositely charged ions
properties of ionic compounds
- high melting a boiling points due to strong electrostatic forces between ions
- always conduct electricity when molten and in an aqueous solution
properties of metals
malleable and able to conduct electricity
describe most metals
shiny solids with high melting points, dense and good conductors
describe most non-metals
low boiling points and poor conductors
what’s a displacement reaction
a redox reaction between an oxidising substance and a reducing one
reactivity series definition
order of reactivity of metals with water and dilute acids (these reactions show the relative tendency of metal atoms to form cations)
reactivity series order
potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
(carbon)
zinc
iron
copper
silver
gold
where are most metals extracted from
ores taken from the earth’s crust
where are unreactive metals found
in the earth’s crust as i combined elements
o.i.l.r.i.g
oxidation is loss (of electrons), reduction is gain (of electrons)
oxidation definition
gain of oxygen and loss of electrons
reduction definition
loss of oxygen and gain of electrons
why is the method used to extract metals from ores related to its reactivity
less reactive metals can be extracted using easier processes such as heating with carbon, but this only works with metals less reactive than carbon
what is the extraction process for metals more reactive than carbon
electrolysis
what does the oxidation of metals result in
corrosion
