Bonding Flashcards
Types of bonds
Ionic and covalent
Ionic bonds
Found in ionic compounds, electrons are transferred (stolen), bond occurs between ions
Covalent bonds
Found in molecular compounds, electrons are shared between two atoms, octet rule
Octet rule
Atoms are stable when they have a full valence shell
Exception to octet rule
Boron(6) hydrogen(2) and helium
Covalent and ionic compounds are both
Intramolecular bonds
Lewis diagram or electron dot diagrams
Octet rule
Lewis diagram rule 1
Count total number of valence electrons for molecule
Lewis diagram rule 2
Write central atom first
Lewis diagram rule 3
Attach remaining elements around central element as symmetrical as possible using a pair of electrons
Lewis diagram rule 4
Any remaining electrons are placed around outside atoms
Lewis diagram rule 5
Remaining electrons are placed on central atom
Lewis diagram rule 6
If octets are still not full, share pairs
Lewis diagram rule 7
If it’s charged, put brackets outside with charge
VSEPR theory
Valence shell electron pair repulsion
VSEPR shape 1
Linear, central atom has 0 line pairs and 2 bonding groups
VSEPR shape 2
Bent/ v shaped, central atom must have 2 lone pairs and 2 bonding groups
VSEPR shape 3
Trigonal planar, central atom must have 0 lines pairs and 3 bonding groups
VSEPR shape 4
Trigonal pyramidal, central atom must have 1 lone pair and 3 bonding groups
VSEPR shape 5
Tetrahedral, central atom must have 0 lone pairs and 4 bonding groups
Electronegativity
A number that describes the ability of an atom to attract a pair of bonding electrons in its valence level
Polar bonds
The difference is greater than 0.4
Non polar bonds
Polar is 0.4 or less
Polar bonds exist when?
Electrons are shared unequally
