bonding

Question 1

what is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

Bonds formed between metals and non-metals, where electrons are transferred in order to gain a full valance shell and BECOME IONS.

Electrostatic attraction between cations and anions

Ions form a regular arrangamnet pf alternative cations and anions.

Question 2

what is covalent bonding?

Answer 2

Non-metals share electrons with other non-metals to form covalent bonds.

• do not have a lattice structure

Question 3

Inter vs Intra molecular forces

Answer 3

intermolecular forces are the electrostatic interactions BETWEEN molecules.

intramolecular forces are forces that hold atoms making up a compound/molecule together.

Question 4

solubility, volatility and electrical conductivity of ionic compounds

Answer 4

S: soluble in solutions
V: cannot easily escape into gas due to strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
E: can only conduct electricity when molten, or in a solution where ions are free

Question 5

solubility, volatility and electrical conductivity of covalent compounds

Answer 5

S: generally not soluble, only exception is graphite, because it contains de-localised electrons between its layers
V: INTERmolecular forces can easily be broken when turning into gas. They are still a compound when they change state.
E: cannot conduct electricity (no delocalised ions)

Question 6

Covalent compounds have __ melting/boiling points

Answer 6

low

Question 7

Ionic compounds have __ melting/boiling points

Answer 7

high

Question 8

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 8

Stronger dipole-dipole bonds.

Any molecule with hydrogen bonded to nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine
- this is because they are the most electronegative elements, creating the most POLARISED bonds

Question 9

What is dipole-dipole bonding?

Answer 9

Attraction between the negative end of one dipole, and the positive end of another.

Question 10

What is London dispersion force?

Answer 10

A momentary dipole is caused by the movement of electrons, and the atom/compound/molecule is temporarily polarised.

When a momentary dipole approaches another atom, it may generate an induced dipole (a slight partial negative, repels the atom causing the other atom to become a momentary dipole).

When these molecules get attracted to each other, usually for a split second–it is called the London dispersion force.