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Chemistry Paper 1 > Bonding > Flashcards

Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Ionic bonding?

A

A Chemical bond is an electrostatic attraction between a positive and negative electrons.

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2
Q

What is Ionic bonding between?

A

A metal and non metal

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3
Q

What is the structure of ionic bonds?

A

Giant Ionic Lattice

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4
Q

What is a covalent bond between?

A

A covalent bond is between two non metals.

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5
Q

How many bonds are needed in a covalent bond between Group 7 elements?

A

1 bond

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6
Q

How many bonds are needed in a covalent bond between Group 6 elements?

A

2 Bonds

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7
Q

How many bonds are needed in a covalent bond between Group 5 elements?

A

3 bonds

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8
Q

What is a metallic bond?

A

Is a electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive metal ions and the sea of delocalized electron.

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9
Q

What is a delocalised electron?

A

Electrons that move around freely

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10
Q

What is a delocalised electron?

A

Electrons that move around freely

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11
Q

What is the properties of metals?

A

Can conduct electricity.
Conduct heat
Malleable
Ductile

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12
Q

What are metal alloys?

A

Mixture of metal and one or more substance

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13
Q

Why are alloys better then pure metals?
Example - Alloys (Steel) and Pure Metals (Iron)

A

Pure metals are much more soft reducing its uses as it is mixed with more substances meaning stronger bonds.

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14
Q

Describe the structure of atoms in a solid.

A

Particles are packed closely together

Particles vibrate but cant move around

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15
Q

Describe the structure of atoms in a liquid.

A

Particles are closed together but can move around.

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16
Q

Describe the structure of atoms in a gas.

A

Particles spread far apart

Particles move in all random directions.

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17
Q

How does a solid turn into a gas?

A

Sublimation

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18
Q

How does gas to a liquid?

A

Condensing

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19
Q

What is subliming?

A

When particles are packed together until the gain enough energy to move around and spread apart.

20
Q

What are properties of giant covalent structures?

A

Very high melting point + boiling point

Graphite conducts electricity

21
Q

Why does giant covalent structures have a very high melting point?

A

Because a lot of energy is needed to overcome forces of attraction between atoms in the covalent bonds.

22
Q

What are the properties of diamonds and why?

A

Very hard ( Due to strong covalent bonds)

Very high melting point ( Due to strong covalent bonds)

Does not conduct electricity ( Due to electrons being fixed not able to move freely )

23
Q

How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom in diamond have?

A

Each carbon atoms has 4 covalent bonds.

24
Q

What are the properties of graphite?

A

Conduct electricity ( Has delocalised electrons between layers)

Very high melting point ( Strong covalent bonds )

Soft ( This is because the layers can slide past each other)

25
Q

How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom in graphite have?

A

Each carbon atom has 3 covalent bonds

26
Q

What is the equation for Relative abundance.

A

(Mass of abundance x abundance) / 100

27
Q

What’s abundance?

A

Measure of how much of something there is.

28
Q

Name 3 properties of ionic compounds.

A

Very high melting and boiling point.

Dissolves in water.

Conducts electricity in a liquid.

29
Q

What is a property of a simple covalent molecule?

A

Low melting point- very weak bonds

30
Q

What is a property of giant covalent structures?

A

Very high melting point / boiling point.

Graphite conducts electricity.

31
Q

Why do giant covalent structures have high boiling points?

A

This is because a lot of energy is needed to overcome the forces of attraction between atoms in the covalent bonds.

32
Q

What is the first fullerene discovered?

A

Buckminster fullerene (C60)

33
Q

What are the properties of fullerenes?

A

High tensile strength

Good conductor of electricity

Unreactive

Large surface area to volume ratio

34
Q

What are the uses of fullerenes?

A

Reinforcing material

Lubricant/catalyst

Electronic chips and curved screens

Drug delivery in the body

35
Q

What is graphene?

A

Single sheet of graphite (1 atom thick)

36
Q

What are the properties of graphene?

A

Low density

Strong for its size

Electrical conductor

Flexible

37
Q

What determines the chemical properties of an element?

A

The number of energy shells and the number of electrons on the outermost shell determines the chemical propertes of an element

38
Q

What is paper chromatography?

A

Paper chromatography separates mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent as they move up a piece of chromatography paper

39
Q

What is distillation?

A

Distillation is used to separate a liquid from a solid if we want to keep the liquid

40
Q

What is crystallisation?

A

Crystallisation is used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid

41
Q

Why were there gaps in Mendeleev’s periodic table?

A

Mendeleev’s periodic table left gaps for the unknown elements, which when discovered matched his predictions.

42
Q

Why is fractional distillation possible?

A

The separation is possible because of the different boiling points of the liquids in the mixture.

43
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

Fractional distillation is an effective way of separating miscible liquids, using a fractionating column.

44
Q

What are the properties of carbon nanotubes?

A

Carbon nanotubes have high tensile strength and are also excellent conductors of heat and electricity.

45
Q

Name the main disadvantage of space filling diagrams and ball and stick diagrams?

A

The main disadvantage of space filling and ball and stick diagrams is that they only show a small part of the giant crystal lattice.

Probably wrong.

Chemistry Paper 1 (5 decks)

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