Bonding Flashcards
What is Ionic bonding?
A Chemical bond is an electrostatic attraction between a positive and negative electrons.
What is Ionic bonding between?
A metal and non metal
What is the structure of ionic bonds?
Giant Ionic Lattice
What is a covalent bond between?
A covalent bond is between two non metals.
How many bonds are needed in a covalent bond between Group 7 elements?
1 bond
How many bonds are needed in a covalent bond between Group 6 elements?
2 Bonds
How many bonds are needed in a covalent bond between Group 5 elements?
3 bonds
What is a metallic bond?
Is a electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive metal ions and the sea of delocalized electron.
What is a delocalised electron?
Electrons that move around freely
What is a delocalised electron?
Electrons that move around freely
What is the properties of metals?
Can conduct electricity.
Conduct heat
Malleable
Ductile
What are metal alloys?
Mixture of metal and one or more substance
Why are alloys better then pure metals?
Example - Alloys (Steel) and Pure Metals (Iron)
Pure metals are much more soft reducing its uses as it is mixed with more substances meaning stronger bonds.
Describe the structure of atoms in a solid.
Particles are packed closely together
Particles vibrate but cant move around
Describe the structure of atoms in a liquid.
Particles are closed together but can move around.
Describe the structure of atoms in a gas.
Particles spread far apart
Particles move in all random directions.
How does a solid turn into a gas?
Sublimation
How does gas to a liquid?
Condensing
What is subliming?
When particles are packed together until the gain enough energy to move around and spread apart.
What are properties of giant covalent structures?
Very high melting point + boiling point
Graphite conducts electricity
Why does giant covalent structures have a very high melting point?
Because a lot of energy is needed to overcome forces of attraction between atoms in the covalent bonds.
What are the properties of diamonds and why?
Very hard ( Due to strong covalent bonds)
Very high melting point ( Due to strong covalent bonds)
Does not conduct electricity ( Due to electrons being fixed not able to move freely )
How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom in diamond have?
Each carbon atoms has 4 covalent bonds.
What are the properties of graphite?
Conduct electricity ( Has delocalised electrons between layers)
Very high melting point ( Strong covalent bonds )
Soft ( This is because the layers can slide past each other)
How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom in graphite have?
Each carbon atom has 3 covalent bonds
What is the equation for Relative abundance.
(Mass of abundance x abundance) / 100
What’s abundance?
Measure of how much of something there is.
Name 3 properties of ionic compounds.
Very high melting and boiling point.
Dissolves in water.
Conducts electricity in a liquid.
What is a property of a simple covalent molecule?
Low melting point- very weak bonds
What is a property of giant covalent structures?
Very high melting point / boiling point.
Graphite conducts electricity.
Why do giant covalent structures have high boiling points?
This is because a lot of energy is needed to overcome the forces of attraction between atoms in the covalent bonds.
What is the first fullerene discovered?
Buckminster fullerene (C60)
What are the properties of fullerenes?
High tensile strength
Good conductor of electricity
Unreactive
Large surface area to volume ratio
What are the uses of fullerenes?
Reinforcing material
Lubricant/catalyst
Electronic chips and curved screens
Drug delivery in the body
What is graphene?
Single sheet of graphite (1 atom thick)
What are the properties of graphene?
Low density
Strong for its size
Electrical conductor
Flexible
What determines the chemical properties of an element?
The number of energy shells and the number of electrons on the outermost shell determines the chemical propertes of an element
What is paper chromatography?
Paper chromatography separates mixtures of substances dissolved in a solvent as they move up a piece of chromatography paper
What is distillation?
Distillation is used to separate a liquid from a solid if we want to keep the liquid
What is crystallisation?
Crystallisation is used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid
Why were there gaps in Mendeleev’s periodic table?
Mendeleev’s periodic table left gaps for the unknown elements, which when discovered matched his predictions.
Why is fractional distillation possible?
The separation is possible because of the different boiling points of the liquids in the mixture.
What is fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is an effective way of separating miscible liquids, using a fractionating column.
What are the properties of carbon nanotubes?
Carbon nanotubes have high tensile strength and are also excellent conductors of heat and electricity.
Name the main disadvantage of space filling diagrams and ball and stick diagrams?
The main disadvantage of space filling and ball and stick diagrams is that they only show a small part of the giant crystal lattice.
Probably wrong.
