Atomic Structure Flashcards
What are two properties of Group 0- Noble Gases?
Colourless gases
Low boiling point
What happens to the atomic mass as it goes down Group 0 - Noble gases?
As you go down Group 0 - Nobles gases, the atomic mass increases, so does the density and boiling points.
Name 3 facts about Group 0 - Noble gases.
They have a full outer shell of electrons.
They are unreactive/inert
They do not form molecules - exists as single atoms.
Why is Group 0 - Noble gases unreactive?
They have a full outer shell so they do not need to gain or lose electrons.
Are Group 7 - Halogens metals or non metals?
Non metals
How many electrons does Group 7 - Halogens have in its outer shell?
It has seven electrons in its outer shell.
Does Group 7 - Halogens have a low or high boiling point + melting point?
Group 7 - Halogens have a low boiling point and melting point.
What happens to the boiling point and melting point of Group 7 - Halogens as you go down the group.?
As you go down the group the boiling points and melting points increase.
What happens to the reactivity of Group 7 - Halogens as you go down the group?
As you go down the group, the elements become less reactive.
Why does Group 7 - Halogens become less reactive as you go down the group?
This is because the nucleus attracts electrons as it has a positive charge, the closer the electrons are the stronger the attraction.
However, as you go down the group outer electrons are further away from the nucleus having weaker attraction.
What is a displacement reaction (Group 7 - Halogens)?
Displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from a solution of its salt.
How many electrons does Group 1 - Alkali metals have in its outer shell?
Group 1 have 1 electron in there outer shell.
What does Group 1 - Alkali metals have to do to become a full outer shell?
As Group 1 - Alkali metals have 1 electron in there outer shell, they must lose 1 electron (+1 ion)
Name 3 Properties of Group 1 - Alkali Metals.
Low Density ( Floats on water)
Soft (Can cut with a knife)
Shiny when cut however the shiny colour becomes dull fast as it reacts with oxygen easily.
What happens to the reactivity of Group 1 - Alkali metals as you go down the group?
As you go down the group the reactivity increases.
Why does reactivity increase as you go down Group 1 - Alkali Metals?
Reactivity increases as you go down Group 1 because the further away the electron is, the weaker attraction from the nucleus so its easier to lose a electron.
What would you get if you reacted Lithium with Oxygen?
Lithium + Oxygen —-> Lithium Oxide
What are 2 observations when reacting a Alkali Metal with oxygen.
Room temperature : Colour change from shiny grey to dull white.
If hot: Burn vigorously to form a white smoke / metal oxide.
What are 3 observations when reacting a Alkali metal with chlorine?
Very vigorous
Produces metal chloride (white solids = salts)
Colourless Solution
What are 6 observations when reacting Alkali metals with water?
Very Vigorous
Fizzing/Bubbles
Floats + Moves
Metal dissolves
Solution is alkaline
When reacting Alkali with water, how do you tell the solution is a alkaline?
You will know as the universal indicator turns purple
What is a atom?
Smallest part of a atom that can exist.
What is a element?
A element is a substance made of only one type of atom.
What is a compound?
Contains two or more elements Chemically combined in fixed proportions
What is a mixture?
Consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together. The chemical properties of each substance in the mixture are unchanged.
What is Filtration used for?
Separates an insoluble solid from a liquid
What is Crystallisation used for?
Separates a soluble solid from a liquid.
What is Simple distillation used for?
Separates a liquid from a dissolved solid.
What is Fractional distillation used for?
Separates two or more liquids which have different boiling points
What is Chromatography used for?
Separates two or more dissolved solids from a solution.
What is the plum pudding model and who made it?
The plum pudding model is a model of the atom and it was a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it.
Made by J J Thomson
What was Rutherford, Geigor and Morsden’s scattering experiment?
They sent a beam alpha particle to a gold foil assuming it would go straight through however instead it scattered in different directions.
What did the scattering experiment suggest?
This suggests that the positive charge of the atom was not spread out but concentrated in a tiny area in the centre of the atom called a nucleus.
What did Bohr discover about the structure of the atom?
Electrons orbit at specific distances (orbit the nucleus)
Explain the conditions needed for sodium chloride to conduct electricity.
For ionic compounds to conduct electricity they must be a molten or liquid.
So ions may move freely through the structure.
Describe how sodium conducts thermal energy?
Delocalised electrons are free to move so energy is transferred throughout the object / substance.
Give the formula of each product when calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is heated.
CaO
CO2
Suggest how any unreacted iron can be separated from the mixture.
Filtration
