Bonding

Question 1

Name 3 different types of bonds.

Answer 1

Coveleant
Ionic
Metallic

Question 2

What group of elements are involved in metallic bonding.

Answer 2

Metals ( transition metals )

Question 3

What group of elements are involved in ionic bonding?

Answer 3

Metal and non-metals

Question 4

What group of elements are involved in covaleant bonding?

Answer 4

Non-metal and non-metal.

Question 5

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 5

An ionic bond is the bond formed between a positively charged and a negatively charged ion (oppositely charged ions) due to the electrostatic forces of attraction between them.

Question 6

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 6

A covalent bond is the bond formed between atoms that share electrons. Atoms share electrons to gain a full outer shell of electrons. Remember that they want to gain a full outer shell as this is when the atom is most stable and inert.

Question 7

What is a lattice?

Answer 7

A large and regular structure.

Question 8

What holds atom together?

Answer 8

The electrostatic attraction between the nuclei and the shared electrons maintain the covalent bond. The nucleus has an overall positive charge because it contains protons which have a positive charge and neutrons which have a neutral charge. This means that there is an electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nuclei and the negatively charged electrons. The electrostatic attraction holds the two atoms in the covalent bond together.

Question 9

What is the strongest bonding type?

Answer 9

In chemistry, a covalent bond is the strongest bond, In such bonding, each of two atoms shares electrons that bind them together.

Question 10

What is intermolecular forces?

Answer 10

Forces between particles. These are usually weak.

Question 11

Do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling point?

Answer 11

Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.

Question 12

Can ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 12

Ionic compounds can only conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in solution.

Question 13

Explain why different substances have different melting points. (2)

Answer 13

strength of attractive forces between particles varies in different substances, [1] stronger forces of attraction → higher melting points [1]

Question 14

Describe the general properties of solids.

Answer 14

SOLID: fixed shape, incompressible, touching particles, regular pattern, vibrate on the spot

Question 15

Describe the general properties of liquids.

Answer 15

LIQUID: no fixed shape, very difficult to compress, most particles are touching, irregular and random arrangement, particles slip and slide over each other

Question 16

Describe the general properties of gas.

Answer 16

GAS: no fixed shape, spreads out to fill a container, easily compressed, particles cover large distances, irregular pattern, move very quickly, move randomly

Question 17

Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when they are molten or dissolved in water?

Answer 17

Only conduct electricity if their ions are free to move such as when dissolved in water or melted

Question 18

Describe what is meant by intermolecular forces

Answer 18

The attraction between the individual molecules in a covalently bonded structure

Question 19

What is fullerene?

Answer 19

A cylindrical or spherical structure made up of hexagon/pentagon pattern of carbon atoms.

Question 20

1 example of fullerene :
(include mass no.)

Answer 20

Buckminsterfullerene : C60

Question 21

Properties of fullerenes:
[4]

Answer 21

1) High tensile strength
2) Good conductor of electricity
3) Unreactive
4) Large s.a to volume ratio

Question 22

USes of fullerene:
[4]

Answer 22

1) Reinforcement of sports equipment (tennis racquet)
2) Catalyst/ lubricant
3) Drug deliver within the body
4) Electronic chips for computers, laptops and phones.

Question 23

Properties of graphene:
[4]

Answer 23

1) Very low density
2) Strong for its mass
3) Good conductor of electricity
4) Flexible

Question 24

Nanoparticle:

Answer 24

A particle between 1-100 nm in size

Question 25

What is diffrent from a nanoparticle and its normal elemental properties?

Answer 25

The higher s.a to volume ratio means the particle react differently to it elemental nature.

Question 26

What is nanoscience?

Answer 26

THe study of nanoparticles

Question 27

Uses of nanoparticles:

Answer 27

1) Cosmetics: Sun scream and deodorants.
2) Medicine: Using carbon nanoparticles for drug delivery.
3) Electronics: Conductive material, chips for electronics.

Question 28

Risk of nanoparticles?

Answer 28

Risks we have not discovered. More research required.

Question 29

1m = ?nm

Answer 29

1 m = 1 000 000 000 nm
[1 billionth]