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Science-Chemistry > Atomic structure > Flashcards

Atomic structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is:
dependent variable
independent variable
control variable

A

Dependent variable: Variable you measure.
Independent variable: Variable you change.
Control variable: You keep same.

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2
Q

What is JJ Thompson model called?

A

Plum pudding model.

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3
Q

Name What charge does each subatomic particle have?

A

Electron = -1
Proton = +1
Neutron = 0

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4
Q

Name 5 scientists who helped develop the modern atomic model .

A

Jhon Dalton
JJ Thompson
Ernest Rutherford
James chadwick
Niles Bohr

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5
Q

What did Jhon Dalton suggest?

A

Jhon Dalton : All matter was made of tiny inseparable particles called atoms. Can make complex structure.

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6
Q

What did JJ Thompson suggest?

A

JJ Thompson : Discovered plum pudding model. Ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it.

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7
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford suggest?

A

(gold foil experiment The Geiger–Marsden experiments ) Ernest Rutherford: Came up with nuclear model there is tiny positively charged nucleus at the center where the mass is concentrated. This is surrounded in a cloud of negative electrons.

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8
Q

What did James Chadwick suggest?

A

James Chadwick: Discovered neutral neutron.

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9
Q

What did Niles Bohr suggest?

A

Niles Bohr: Proposed that the electrons where in in shells rather than in a ‘cloud’. That these electrons orbited the nucleus.

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10
Q

Describe ‘plum pudding’ model.

A

An positive ball of charge that has negatively charged electrons embedded in it.

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11
Q

What is an element?

A

element: all atoms same type

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12
Q

What is a compound?

A

Compound: more than one type of atom chemically combined

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13
Q

What is a mixture?

A

two or more substances (elements or compounds) [1] not chemically combined [1]

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14
Q

State two ways in which Rutherford changed Thomson’s model of the atom (3)

A

positive charge [1] concentrated into very small volume at centre of atom (nucleus) [1] electrons orbit nucleus [1]
Geiger experiment

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15
Q

Explain why the Noble gases have stable electronic arrangements

A

They have full outer shell/they are unreactive

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16
Q

Complete the sentence ‘All atoms of one type of element have the same number of…’

A

Protons and electrons

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17
Q

What does the atomic number tell us about an atom?

A

No. of protons and electrons in an atom.

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18
Q

What does the mass number tell us about an atom?

A

Total mass of an atom

19
Q

How to find the no of sub atomic particles in an element?

A

number of protons = atomic number.
number of electrons = atomic number.
number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number.

20
Q

Give the name of group 1 elements.

A

Alkali metals.

21
Q

When an element from group1 reacts what happens in terms of electrons?

A

They become ionised as the lose the one electron in their valence shell and become positively charged particles.

22
Q

What is group 7 called?

A

Halogens

23
Q

What is group 0 called?

A

Noble gas.

24
Q

In group 7 what is the reactivity trend?

A

Less reactive as you go down.

25
Q

In group 1 what is reactivity trend?

A

More reactive as you go down.

26
Q

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

A

In vertical Vertical rows and horizontal columns.

27
Q

Which scientist is mainly involved in development of periodic table?

A

Dimitrov Mendeleev

28
Q

What was he able to do with his table?

A

Predict lots of new elements.

29
Q

What is a mixture?

A

two or more different substances that are only physically joined together, not chemically

30
Q

What is difference between element and compound?

A

Elements are pure substances which are composed of only one type of atom. Compound are substances which are formed by two or more different types of elements that are united chemically in fixed proportions.

31
Q

Explain why elements in many groups of the periodic table have similar chemical properties. (1)

A

They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell

32
Q

Explain how the position of an element in the periodic table is related to the arrangement of electrons in its atoms. (2)

A

The group no. of the element is the no. of electrons in its valence shell.

33
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An isotope is each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties.

34
Q

What is the relative mass equation ?

A

( mass a * abundance/overall ) + ( mass b *
abundance/overall )

35
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion is a stable particle with full valence shell.

36
Q

What are properties of metals?

A

Shiny, conductor (metal and electricity), sonorous, ductile, malleable and high melting/boiling point.

37
Q

Properties of non-metal?

A

Dull, brittle.

38
Q

What are there more of metals or non-metals?

A

Metals.

39
Q

What is filtration?

A

Separating an insoluble solid from a liquid.

40
Q

What is crystallisation?

A

To separate a solid from a solution.

41
Q

what is Simple distillation?

A

To separate a solvent from a solution.

42
Q

what is fractional distillation?

A

Separating a mixture of liquids each with different boiling points.

43
Q

What is chromatography?

A

Separating substances that move at different rates through a medium.

Science-Chemistry (5 decks)

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