bonding Flashcards
define ionic bonding
the electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions occurring in all directions in a giant ionic lattice.
how is an ionic bond formed?
metals lose outer electrons to form positive ions (cations); non metals gain electrons forming negatively charged ions (anions)
what is the purpose of atoms forming ions?
to obtain a full outer shell of electrons; the electron configuration of a noble gas therefore
describe the electrostatic forces of attraction
they are really strong and act in all directions
list some common ionic compounds
sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, barium sulfate, lithium carbonate, rubidium bromide.
describe the structure of an ionic compound.
the oppositely charged ion being held by really strong electrostatic forces of attraction (taking lots of energy to overcome) form a lattice structure in the form of an evenly distributed crystalline. it is a regular pattern. each ion is attracted to all of the oppositely charged ions around it
what charge does the overall lattice have and why?
overall electrically neutral because the positive charges cancel negatives therefore
state the effect of melting and boiling points on ionic compounds and why
melting and boiling points are high because the giant ionic lattice is being held by strong electrostatic forces of attraction which take a lot of energy to overcome
why do different compounds have different melting points and what does the effect have overall?
different ionic compounds can be having different melting and boiling points due to the ions having stronger charges. strong charge means greater attraction between the ions
for example, the charges of magnesium oxide are 2+ and 2- which are larger compared to the charges of sodium chloride, are 1+ and 1-. therefore, there is greater attraction between the magnesium and oxide ion compared to the sodium and chloride ion.
state the effect of ionic compounds being able to dissolve in water
water molecules are polar and they surround the compound. water has a positive and negative charge and can therefore be pulling the ions but the from lattice, causing dissolving
what effect does the charge of an ion have on solubility?
charges larger means solubility decreases because water molecules cannot overcome the electrostatic forces of attraction
what effect does the ability to conduct electricity have on ion?
if the compound is either molten or dissolved it can conduct electricity because the ion can therefore carry a charge compared to when theyre being held by electrostatic forces
define covalent bonding
A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. (non metals)
explain why covalent bonds are strong
there are electrostatic forces of attraction between the nuclei of both atoms and bonding electrons of their outer shells so
state some examples of covalent bonds
Cl2, CH4, CO2, H2O, HCl
