bonding Flashcards
why do atoms bond
they want to gain a more stable electron configuration. This is often achieved by gaining a full outer shell of electrons.
between what kind of elements does ionic bonds occur
metals and non-metals
electrons are transferred from the outer shell of the __________ to the outer shell of the __________
metal
non metal
in ionic bonding the non metal forms a
and the metal forms a
negative ion (anion)
positive ion (cation)
The ions stick together due to
electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
what is the structure that ionic compounds exist in
lattice
why are ionic compounds solid at room temperature
have strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the ions and form a lattice of ions
why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid, however they do when molten or dissolved in solution.
when given energy like heat the charged particles become free
why are ionic compounds brittle (shatter easily)
because of the strong bond between the negatively charged and the positively charged ions that form the molecule
Covalent bonds occur between
non metals
one covalent bond =
one share of electrons
Covalent bonding describes a chemical bond where
a pair of electrons are shared between 2 atoms.
Atoms with a covalent bond are held together by
an electrostatic attraction between the nucleus of each atom and the shared electrons.
what is a co-ordinate bond also known as
dative covalent bond
co-ordinate bond
a covalent bond where both of the electrons in the bond come from just one of the atoms involved.
what is the co-ordinate bond represented by
an arrow
Electronegativity
is the power of an atom to attract the electron density of a covalent bond towards itself.
Electronegativity depends on:
The nuclear charge of the atom.
The distance between the nucleus and the outer electrons.
The shielding of nuclear charge by electrons in inner shells.
where is elevtronegativity mesured
puali scale
what is the largest electronegativity posiible
4.0
Polarity
is the unequal sharing of electrons in a bond
non-polar
if the electron sharing is equal
