Bonding Flashcards
What elements do ionic bonds occur in?
A metal and a non-metal
Explain an ionic bond
Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, formed by the donating and accepting of electrons in order to gain molecular stability (atoms transfer valence electrons to each other)
Do the two elements need to have the negative and positive charges balanced in an ionic bond?
Yes. They must be balanced
What elements do metallic bonds occur in?
Metals
Explain metallic bonding
When electrons become delocalised and move freely through a lattice of cations. They negative energy they provide is enough to keep the cations from repelling and causing the metal to break
Can non-metals release electrons?
No. They can only gain electrons
What breaks when a metal is melted?
The metallic bonds
What are some properties of metallic substances?
High melting point, high thermal conduction, maleablility, solubility, and hardness
What are properties of ionically bonded materials?
High melting point, mostly soluble, can only conduct electricity when not solid, hardness, not malleable
What materials form covalent bonds?
non-metals
Explain covalent bonding
When two atoms share electrons to form bonds.
What is the difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds?
Polar is an uneven distribution of electron density, non-polar is symmetrical distribution of electron density
What is breaking when you go from a solid to a liquid to a gas in covalent bonding?
The intermolecular forces, not the covalent bonds
What are properties of covalent bonds? (mollecular)
Low melting point, poor electrical conductivity, soft, brittle due to weak intermolecular forces, solubility is variable due to polarity
How do you know the difference between covalent and ionic when looking at the name?
Covalent starts with a non-metal, ionic starts with a metal
