Bond Polarity - Unit 2

Question 1

What is electronegativity?

Answer 1

Electronegativity represents the power of an atom to attract a bonding pair when in a covalent bond
The higher the electronegativity the higher the tendency of an atom to attract electrons itself

Question 2

What is NON-POLAR?

Answer 2

When atoms of the same electronegativity form a covalent bond, the bonding electrons are shared equally

Question 3

What is a POLAR covalent bond?

Answer 3

When a diatomic molecule has two different atoms, the atom with the highest electronegativity will have the strongest pull-on shared electron/s
This results in an uneven distribution of electrons

Question 4

What happens when an atom is more electronegative?

Answer 4

The more electronegative atoms have a partial negative charge (δ−)

Question 5

What happens when an atom is less electronegative?

Answer 5

The less electronegative atoms have a partial positive charge (δ+)

Question 6

What is an electric dipole?

Answer 6

The separation of the partial positive and negative charges is known as an electric dipole

Question 7

What happens to polarity with difference in electronegativity?

Answer 7

The larger the difference between the electronegativities, the more polar the molecule is

Question 8

Symmetrical Polyatomic Molecules

Answer 8

If the molecule is symmetrical, the individual dipoles will cancel out, resulting in no overall dipole and the molecule will be non-polar

Question 9

Asymmetrical Polyatomic Molecules

Answer 9

If the molecule is asymmetrical, the dipoles are not cancelled out and the molecule would have an overall dipole and would be polar

Question 10

What type of dipole do polar molecules have?

Answer 10

Polar molecules have a permanent dipole moment