Body tissues Flashcards
Epidermis
Most outer layer of skin
Important for protection, heat regulation, and sensation
Dermis
2nd layer of skin from surface
made of collegen and elastin fibers, contains arrector muscles (for goose bumps)
Subcutaneous tissue
deepest layer of skin
- loose connective tissue and fat
- between dermis and underlying deep fascia
- deepest part of sweat glands. blood and lymphatic vessels, cutaneous nerves are located here
Deep fascia
dense organized connective tissue layer that goes into deep structures
Skin ligaments
Attaches deep surface of dermis to underlying deep fascia
Clinical significance of Integumentary system for PT
- All palpations occur through the skin
- skin incisions are made along tension lines
- stretch marks result from damage to the collegen fibers of the dermis
- Burns: 1st degree: only dermis, 2nd degree: epidermis and portion of dermis, 3rd degree: epidermis and dermis, can included subcutaneous, muscles, tendons, and other deep structures
Role of bones
- Protect vital structires
- Supports the body
- provides mechanical basis for movement
- blood cell development in marrow
Bone classifications
Axial skeleton (skull, ribs, vertebrae, sternum)
Appendicular skeleton (limbs, pelvic and shoulder girddles)
Bone shapes (long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid)
Parts of articular system
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Ligaments
- Tendons
- Fat pads
- Discs
- Bursa
Cartilage types
- Hayline (articular cartilage): smooth, glassy, covers weightbearing ends of bone surfaces, does not regenerate well after injury
- Fibrocartilage: supports crushing weights, intervertebral discs, menisci of knees, pubic symphysis
- Elastic cartilage: very flexible, supports soft structures which need to move freely, (nose, ears)
Types of articulation
- Diarthroses (synovial joints)
- Amphiarthroses (cartilaginous joints)
- Synarthroses (fibrous)
Classifications of synovial joints
- Uniaxial (1 degree of freedom)
- Biaxial (2 degrees of freedom)
- Triaxial or multiaxial (3 degrees of freedom)
