Body Tissues Flashcards
4 main types of tissue
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue
Covers surfaces or forms structures derived from body surfaces
Epithelial tissue
Consists almost entirely of cells that have little or no intercellular material between them
Epithelial tissue
Covers the outside of the body and also lines the digestive tract, blood vessels, and many body cavities
Epithelial tissue
Cells described as squamous, cuboidal, or columnar
Epithelial cells
The most abundant and widely distributed type of tissue in the body
Connective tissue
Consists of cells separated from each other by intercellular material
Connective tissue
Extracellular matrix
Intercellular material that separates cells
The basis for separating connective tissue into seven subgroups
(Nonliving) extracellular matrix
The seven subgroups that connective tissue separates
- Areolar connective tissue
- Adipose tissue
- Fibrous connective tissue
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
- Hematopoietic tissue
Serves as the “loose packing” material of most organs and tissues
Areolar connective tissue
Attaches the skin to the underlying tissues
Areolar connective tissue
The areolar connective tissue contains 3 major types of protein fibers:
Collagen, reticulum, and elastin
Specialized connective tissue that stores lipids
Adipose tissue (fat tissue)
Acts as an insulator, protector, and site of energy storage
Adipose tissue (fat tissue)
Characterized by its high strength and inelasticity
Fibrous connective tissue
Made up mainly of bundles of strong white collagenous fibers in parallel rows
Fibrous connective tissue
Made up of cartilage cells
Cartilage
Cartilage cells are also known as
Chondrocytes
Found at articulating surfaces and is firm and smooth
Hyaline cartilage
Cartilage that is more flexible and supple
Fibrocartilage
Composed of nonfibrous protein and other organic molecules and fluid
Ground substance
Increased amounts of collagen or elastin allow cartilage to
Spring back after being compressed
A highly specialized form of hard, connective tissue that consists of living cells and a mineralized matrix
Bone
Long bones
Longer than they are wide. (Humerus, ulna, femur, tibia, etc)
Short bones
About as broad as they are long (carpel bones of wrist, tarsal bones of ankle)
Flat bones
Thin, flattened shape. (Ribs, sternum, scapulae)
Diaphysis
Shaft of bone
Epiphysis
End of each bone
Epiphyseal plate
Growth plate
Red marrow
Site of blood cell formation
Unique connective tissue where the matrix between cells is liquid
Blood
Responsible for formation of blood cells and defense against disease
Hematopoietic tissue
Connective tissue in the marrow cavity of bones
Hematopoietic tissue
3 types of muscles
Striated voluntary (skeletal) muscle, striated involuntary (cardiac) muscle, nonstriated involuntary (smooth) muscle
Characterized by its ability to conduct an electrical signal
Nervous tissue
Nervous tissue consists of two basic cells:
Neurons and neuroglia
Support cells of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
Neuroglia
