Body temperature, thermogenesis and thermoregulation Flashcards
how is heat exchanged with the environment?
Convection
evaporation
radiation
conduction
what is the metabolic rate?
measure of the total energy metabolised by an animal in a unit of time
Name of the breakdown of macromolecules to produce energy
Catabolism
Name of the concurrent synthesis of large macromolecules?
Anabolism
Thermoregulation in Endotherms
Adjusting the rate of heat exchange between the animal and its surroundings
cooling by evaporating (panting and sweating)
behavioural responses include bathing and migrating
changes in metabolic heat production (shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis)
How to Endotherm thermoregulate?
-Insulation
-Vasoconstriction and vasodilation
-Concurrent heat exchange
Thermoregulation in Ectotherms
Ectotherms have low metabolic rates, thus the amount of heat they generate is small (so doesn’t affect body temperature)
why do Ectotherms have low metabolic rates?
Due to mitochondrial densities
What can some ectotherms generate locally?
Heat
Thermoregulation in regional endotherms
(e.g. Tuna)
countercurrent heat exchanger and a strong temperature gradient across the body, which keeps heat in the core.
what is ‘Non-shivering calcium related thermogenesis’?
Highly specialised heating system located in an extraocular muscle
this warms eyes and brain above ambient water
What are heater cells?
Heater cells are packed with mitochondria and aid with Non-shivering Thermogenesis
Adaptations in fish who live in cold waters?
-Supercooling
-Antifreeze proteins in blood
-High plasma NaCl concentrations
Behavioural thermoregulation responses from (Invertebrate) ectotherms
Position on shore
clustering and clumping
burrowing
What is convection? (Heat exchange)
Moving air removed radiated heat
