Biochemical responses to temperature: Managing the Cellular environment

Question 1

the Temperature coefficient

Answer 1

factor by which the rate of a reaction increases for every 10 °C rise in temperature

if the rate of the reaction is completely temperature independent, Q10 will be 1

Question 2

How do animals maintain biochemical reactions over a range of the temperatures?
(Over short-term (hours-days))

Answer 2

Alterations on enzyme effective concentration

alteration on the concentration of the substrate

increased energy supply for the reaction being catalysed

alterations in intracellular environment (incl. ionic regulation and pH)

Question 3

How do animals maintain biochemical reactions over a range of. Temperatures? (Mid-term (days-months))

Answer 3

cold-acclimation results in modest improvements in contractile performance of slow muscle fibres at low temperatures

Question 4

How do animals maintain biochemical reactions over a range of temperatures? (Long-term)

Answer 4

Evolutionary enzyme adaptation

Question 5

what do antifreeze proteins (AFP) in Antarctic notothenoid fish do?

Answer 5

AFPs attach to ice crystal lattices preventing new water molecules from adding

Question 6

Cold hardiness in Molluscs

Answer 6

Calcium binds to cell membranes, reducing cell damage during freezing, either by physical stabilization of the membrane against mechanical disruption caused by cell shrinkage, or by prevention of the denaturation of membrane compounds.

Question 7

How do animals avoid protein denaturation at high temperatures?

Answer 7

Stress response is issued
Heat Shock proteins (HSP) act to refold proteins that are damaged during heat stress (ATP-Dependent)

Question 8

Why is a lipid blister difficult to freeze?

Answer 8

The influence of cis- double bonds in hydrocarbon chains