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Medical Assistant Exam > Body Sytems > Flashcards

Body Sytems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Hair Follicle

A

generates hair

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2
Q

sebaceous glands

A

produces sebum to keel the skin and hair soft and prevent bacteria growing in the skin

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3
Q

fingernails and toenails

A

protect the ends of finger and toes

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4
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

procude sweat to aid in cooling the body

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5
Q

Long bones

A

have an epiphysis, Diaphysis and medullary cavity containing yellow bone marrow. ends are covered by articular cartilage to allow joint movement without causing friction (femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, ulna, radius)

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6
Q

short bone

A

found in wrist and ankles typically small and round like carpels and tarsals

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7
Q

Flat bones

A

majority of surface areas is flat or slightly curved like skull and ribs

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8
Q

Irregular bones

A

unusually shaped bone like vertebrae and pelvis

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9
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

small, round bones found in joints that are held in place by tendon like patella

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10
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

responsible for body movement also called voluntary or striated muscle

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11
Q

Smooth muscle

A

found within the walls of hollow organs, blood vessles, iris of eyes also called involuntary muscles

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12
Q

Cardiac muscles

A

only found in the heart cross fibered to allow the heart to contract from the top and bottom to pump blood

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13
Q

Tendon

A

ends of skeletal muscles that attach muscle to bone

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14
Q

Lymph nodes

A

small glandular structures concentrated in the neck, axilla, and groin which produces lymphocytes and are home to macrophages they filter lymph

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15
Q

Lymph nodules

A

masses of lymphoid tissue comprised of macrophages and lymphocytes.

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16
Q

Thymus

A

located posterior to the sternum responsible for the production and maturation of T cells

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17
Q

Spleen

A

larges lymphoid organ located in the upper abdominal quadrant and home to the macrophages that filter blood

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18
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

tissue fluid found between cells. once collected and filtered called lymph

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19
Q

Antibody

A

protein the body creates in response to antigens

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20
Q

immunoglobulins

A

antibodies

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21
Q

B cells

A

lymphocytes that can recognize and respond by turning into plasma cells creating antibodies against antigens

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22
Q

T cells

A

recognize antigens and attaches to them to attack invading cells directly

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23
Q

Monocytes

A

engulf and destroy pathogens that can been coagulated with antibodies

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24
Q

Artery/Arteriole

A

thick walled vessles that carry blood away from the heart and propel blood with each contraction of the heart

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25
Q

Vein/venule

A

carry blood towards the heart, thinner walled than arteries and contain valves to prevent back flow

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26
Q

Capillary

A

smallest blood vessels which contain arterioles to venules they aid in exchange of oxygen and nutrient exchange

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27
Q

Endocardium

A

innermost layer of the cells that line the atria ventricles, and heart valves

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28
Q

Myocardium

A

muscular layer of the heart

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29
Q

Pericardium

A

outermost layer of the heart and the membrane that surrounds the heart and secretes pericardial fluid

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30
Q

Kidneys

A

located on either side of the vertebral column at the level of top lumbar vertebrae. remove waste from blood and produce urine

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31
Q

Ureters

A

Long tubes responsible for carrying urine from the kidneys to the bladder

32
Q

urinary bladder

A

small muscular sac located within the pelvic cavity that is responsible for storing urine

33
Q

urethra

A

tube responsible for carrying urine from bladder to outside the body

34
Q

Mouth

A

responsible for initiating digestion both mechanical and chemical

35
Q

pharynx

A

throat or passageway for food between oral cavity and the esophagus

36
Q

esophagus

A

musclar tube connecting the mouth to the stomach and uses peristalsis to propel food to stomach

37
Q

Stomach

A

located below the diaphram in the left upper quadrent

38
Q

small intestines

A

take up most of abdominal space responsible for absorption of nutrients

39
Q

large intestines

A

also called colon absorption is completed and feces is formed from solid waste products

40
Q

rectum

A

end of colon stores feces until defication

41
Q

anus

A

end of rectum opens to the outside of body for elimination

42
Q

liver

A

produces bile needed to break down fats (RUQ)

43
Q

gallbladder

A

stores bile and connects to duodenum

44
Q

Pancreas

A

produces enzymes that aid with digestion

45
Q

Noes

A

made of bones, cartilage and skin contains small hairs called cilia to prevent large particles from entering

46
Q

Pharynx

A

during respiration air enters through the nose and mouth

47
Q

larynx

A

superior to trachea produces a persons voice

48
Q

trachea

A

called the windpipe extends from larynx and branches into bronchi lined with cilia

49
Q

Lungs

A

two cone shaped organs containing bronchi, alveoli, and blood vessels

50
Q

Brain

A

coordinates most body activity and control center for the body as well as thought, emotion, judgement (frontal, parietal, occipital, temportal)

51
Q

Spinal chord

A

pathway for nerve impluses from brain to base of the brain

52
Q

peripheral nerve

A

12 pairs of crainial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves carries nerve signals between body and the brain

53
Q

neuron

A

functional unit of nervous system

54
Q

Dendrites

A

branching structure

55
Q

nucleus

A

directs cellular activity

56
Q

Cytoplasm

A

produces NT and energy for the neuron

57
Q

axon

A

stores NT

58
Q

Testes

A

produce sperm and testonsterone pelvic cavity located on the outside of the body

59
Q

scrotum

A

pouch of skin that houses the testes

60
Q

penis

A

external cylinder shaped organ that moves urine and semen outside the body

61
Q

epididymis

A

coiled tube located superior to testes responsible for maturation fo sperm

62
Q

vas deferense

A

connect the epididymis to urethra

63
Q

seminal vesicles

A

sac like organs the secrete seminal fluid which stimulates muscles contractions in female reproductive organs and aid in propelling sperm forward

64
Q

prostate gland

A

contracts during ejaculation to aid in forward movement of sperm and secretes fluid that protects sperm within vagina

65
Q

Bulbourethral gland

A

inferior to the prostate glands, secrete fluid to lubricate the end of the penis to prepare for intercourse

66
Q

androgens

A

group of male sex hormones

67
Q

testosterone

A

most abundent and biologically active male sex hormone

68
Q

Ovaries

A

oval shaped organs produces estrogen and progesterone

69
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

muscular tubes the connects to the ovary and uterus receives egg during ovulation

70
Q

vagina

A

musclar tube extending from uterus to the outside of the body expands during intercourse and childbirth

71
Q

labia majora

A

Folds of skin and adipose tissues that protects female genitalia

72
Q

labia minoria

A

forms the hood over the clitoris

73
Q

clitoris

A

highly sensitive female erectile tissue located anterior to the urethra

74
Q

perineum

A

area between vagina and anus

75
Q

estrogen

A

group of female sex hormones

76
Q

progesterone

A

hormones secreted by ovaries

Medical Assistant Exam (3 decks)

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