Body Systems (P2)

Question 1

Describe body systems in our body?

Answer 1

We have many different body systems that work together to keep our bodies alive

Question 2

What is a cell?

Answer 2

Basic structural and functional unit of the body

Question 3

How often do skin cells die?

Answer 3

Every 3 months

Question 4

How often do red blood cells die (Erythrocytes)

Answer 4

Every 120 days

Question 5

What form of energy do cells use? What is needed to produce this?

Answer 5

ATP

Oxygen and Glucose

Question 6

What are the by-products of ATP formation?

Answer 6

Carbon Dioxide and Water

Question 7

What are the four basic tissue types? What are tissues composed of?

Answer 7

Muscle
Epithelial
Nervous
Connective

Cells

Question 8

What are organs composed of?

Answer 8

These are composed of the four basic tissue types

Question 9

What are organs?

Answer 9

An organ is a group of tissues acting together to perform a specific function

Question 10

What is a system?

Answer 10

A system is a collection of organs with related functions working together to achieve a common goal that is essential for the survival of the body

Question 11

What is the function of the GI tract?

Answer 11

Helps to get nutrients into our blood

Question 12

Describe digestion of food

Answer 12

Food enters the mouth
Nutrients pass through the GI tract
Large molecules are digested into smaller molecules

Question 13

Describe absorption of nutrients?

Answer 13

Broken down into smaller molecules
Carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed by veins in the small intestine and carried to the liver in blood
Fats are absorbed by lymphatic vessels and carried to large neck veins by lymph

Question 14

Describe the role of Cardiovascular system?

Answer 14

This ensures the nutrients from the GI tract are carried in the blood to the other cells

Question 15

Describe the cardiovascular system components?

Answer 15

Network of:
- Arteries
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Venules
- Veins
The heart acts a pump

Question 16

Describe blood flow from the GI tract by cardiovascular system?

Answer 16

Carried by GI tract veins to the liver
Venous drainage from the liver returns to the heart
The heart then pumps the blood around the body in arteries

Question 17

What does the right side of the heart do?

Answer 17

Pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 18

What does the left side of the heart do?

Answer 18

Pump oxygenated blood around the body

Question 19

Describe the order of blood vessels after blood is pumped out of the heart?

Answer 19

Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins

Question 20

What happens at the Capillary bed?

Answer 20

Exchange of nutrients/CO2/O2/hormones/drugs etc between blood and the cells

Question 21

What is the role of the respiratory system?

Answer 21

To get oxygen into the blood so it can be transported around the body by the cardiovascular system

Question 22

Describe how oxygen that is inspired gets into the lungs?

Answer 22

Enters through the nose and mouth
Travels through the respiratory tree
Enters the alveoli
Diffuses into the capillaries that line the outside of the alveoli

Question 23

Describe the Haematological system?

Answer 23

This is composed of numerous cell types
RBC - Oxygen Transport
WBC - Immune System
Platelets - Blood Clotting

Question 24

Describe how the haematological system helps with oxygen transport?

Answer 24

Red Blood Cells contain Haemoglobin. This binds to oxygen reversibly and allows it to be transported in the blood to the cells

Question 25

Describe the lymphatic system?

Answer 25

Fluid is squeezed out of capillaries by pressure into tissues where it becomes extracellular fluid. This is taken up by lymphatic vessels (fluid is now called lymph) and delivered to the thoracic duct then the major veins in the neck

Question 26

What is the major lymphatic vessels?

Answer 26

Thoracic Duct

Question 27

Describe how respiratory removes waste?

Answer 27

Blows off Co2

Question 28

Describe how renal removes waste?

Answer 28

Excretes lactic Acid

Excretes drug metabolism products

Question 29

Describe how lymphatic removes waste?

Answer 29

Takes up excess tissue fluid

Takes up cellular debris

Question 30

Describe how the GI system removes waste?

Answer 30

Removes undigested food

Removes products of digestion

Question 31

What systems protect the body from internal and external dangers?

Answer 31

Integumentary (Skin and Mucosa)
Lymphatic System
Haematological
Nervous 
Muskuloskeletal

Question 32

Give examples of internal and external dangers?

Answer 32

Pathogens
UV Light
Lack of Oxygen

Question 33

Describe how the skin provides protection?

Answer 33

Physical barrier
Waterproof
Regulates temperature
Protects us from UV

Question 34

Describe how the lymphatic system is involved in infection and cancer spread?

Answer 34

Infection/cancerous lymph nodes become enlarged and palatable
This allows doctors to detect the spread of disease

Question 35

Describe how lyphmhatic system offers protection?

Answer 35

Lymphatic tissues assists with identication and destruction of pathogens:

• Tonsils
• Spleen
• GI Lymphoid Tissue

Question 36

Describe how the nervous and musckuloskeletal system offer protection?

Answer 36

Nervous system senses danger
Sends signals to MSK
Causes movement

Question 37

Describe how the body systems are regulated?

Answer 37

Endocrine System

Nervous System

Question 38

Describe reproduction?

Answer 38

Important for the survival of the species, not for the survival of the individual