Body Systems and Movement Flashcards
What is an agonist muscle?
The primary muscle responsible for a specific movement, by contracting.
Prime mover
What is an antagonist muscle?
A muscle that opposes the action of an agonist muscle by relaxing.
Systems involved in inhalation to muscle movement
Respiratory System → Inhalation
Circulatory System → Oxygen Transport
Muscular System → Muscle Contraction
Skeletal System → Movement
How is the respiratory system involved in creating movement?
Increases oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal for endurance.
How is the circulatory system involved in creating movement?
Increases heart rate and circulation for energy supply.
How is the muscular system involved in creating movement?
Inside muscle cells, oxygen is used in the mitochondria to produce ATP.
ATP provides the energy needed for muscle contraction.
How is the skeletal system involved in creating movement?
Muscles are attached to bones via tendons.
When muscles contract, they pull on bones, creating movement at the joints.
What are the factors that enhance the capacity of the body to move and perform?
Oxygen efficiency
Muscle strength
Mental focus
Respiratory system structure
Nasal Cavity & Mouth – Air enters, filtered, warmed, and moistened.
Pharynx & Larynx – Directs air to the trachea; houses vocal cords.
Trachea – Carries air to the lungs, lined with mucus to trap particles.
Bronchi & Bronchioles – Distribute air throughout the lungs.
Lungs & Alveoli – Alveoli facilitate gas exchange with capillaries.
Circulatory system structure
Heart – Pumps blood throughout the body in atria (upper chambers) and ventricles (lower chambers)
Blood Vessels – Transport blood in arteries (oxygen rich) and veins (oxygen poor)
Capillaries – Tiny vessels for gas and nutrient exchange.
Blood – Transports oxygen in red blood cells, nutrients, and waste.
Muscular system structure
Muscles – Enable movement and stability.
Tendons – Attach muscles to bones for movement.
Muscle Fibres – Units that contract within muscles.
Skeletal system structure
Bones – Provide framework and support.
Joints – Connect bones and allow movement.
Cartilage – Cushions joints and reduces friction.
Ligaments – Connect bones and provide stability.
Respiratory system function
Gas Exchange – Oxygen in, carbon dioxide out.
Circulatory system function
Oxygen & Nutrient Transport – Delivers to cells through blood circulation
Waste Removal – Removes CO₂ and other waste.
Skeletal system function
Support & Structure – Maintains body shape and posture.
Movement – Works with muscles for motion.
Protection – Shields vital organs (e.g., skull protects the brain).
Muscular system function
Movement – Works with the skeletal system to produce motion.
Posture & Stability – Maintains body position and balance.
Heat Production – Generates body heat through muscle contractions.
What is an isometric muscle contraction?
When muscles contract and develop tension but don’t change in length meaning no movement occurs
e.g. rectus abdonminis when planking
What is an isotonic muscle contraction?
When muscles contract and develop tension and change in length.
e.g. hamsting in planking
Eccentric occurs when muscles lengthen
Concentric occurs when muscles shorten
What is isokinetic muscle contraction?
The muscle develops tension and there is a change in length of the muscle however the tenion remains constant
e.g. a leg raise with a machine
A machine is needed
