Body systems and cell reproduction Flashcards
Name 3 functions of a skeletal system
Allows movement
Produces red blood cells
Protects and supports lungs
How many bones does the adult human body contain?
Approximately 206 bones
Why are bones considered alive?
They grow and repair themselves overtime
What are the difference between cartilage and bones?
Cartilage is soft and rubbery, while bone is hard and more solid
What does the bone need?
Bones need an adequate supply of calcium and phosphorus.
What is the disease that affects the bone?
Osteoporosis is a disease that weakens the bone. It usually happens to older adults and the elderly.
Describe the function of the alveoli
The alveoli are where the gas exchange happens. The air diffuses through the alveoli to the blood by the surrounding capillaries.
At the same time, carbon dioxide is diffused from the alveoli and exhaled out.
What are the 3 factors that can affect the lung capacity
Age
Gender
Fitness level
What are 3 things that make up our blood?
Red blood cells
Plasma
White blood cells & platelets
What is the functions of a red cell?
To transport oxygen around the body
Name 3 types of blood vessels and give the function for each
Veins – carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
Arteries – carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
Capillaries – carry oxygen/carbon dioxide and where the arteries and veins meet
Label the four chambers of the heart
Top left: Left atrium
Bottom left: Left ventricle
Top right: Right atrium
Bottom right: Right ventricle
List the four mitosis in order
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
What is Cytokines
The cell division process at the end of the mitosis
Meiosis produces gametes. What are the human gametes?
Sperm - male
Egg/Ovum - woman
Define Fertilisation
When the nuclei of the gametes meet and fuse together (when the sperm and egg meet)
Define Zygote
Form when an ovum is fertilised
Functions of Arteries
Carries blood away from the heart
Blood is pumped in at a high pressure
Most carry oxygenated blood
Has 3 layers
Functions of Capillaries
Oxygen delivers to cells; carbon dioxide pick up
Single-celled wall
Connect Arteries to Veins
Very narrow
Functions of Veins
Blood enters after leaving Capillaries
Appears blue on the outside but the blood is dark red
Carries blood to the heart
Most are on low oxygen
Anatomy of heart
Between the upper & lower chambers there are valves (flaps)
This prevents blood from going backwards
If blood pools in the right & left ventricles, this can lead to volume overload in the heart (cardiac failure)
