Body Systems Flashcards
Levels of structural organisation in the human body
1. Chemical: very basic level consisting of atoms/molecules
2. Cellular: basic building blocks of life
3. Tissue: collection of cells (4 main types: epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous)
4. Organ: differentiation of tissues for specialized functions (i.e. heart, stomach, skin, etc.)
5. System: consists of related organs with a common function (i.e. digestive system)
6. Organism: all parts of the human body functioning together
What are the 11 body systems?
MR CLIDE RUNS
- muscular
- respiratory
- circulatory
- lymphatic
- integumentary
- endocrine
- reproductive
- urinary
- nervous
- skeletal
Components and Function of the Integumentary System
Components:
- skin
- associated structures (hair, fingernails/toenails, sweat glands, oil glands)
Function:
- protects the body
- helps regulated body temperature
- eliminates some waste
- vitamin D production
- sensation (touch, pain, warmth, cold)
- fat storage
- provides insulation
Components and Functions of the Skeletal System
Components:
- bones
- joints
- associated cartilages
Function:
- supports/protects the body
- surface area for muscle attachments
- aids body movement
- red blood cell production
- stores minerals and lipids
Components and Function of Muscular System
Components:
- skeletal muscle tissue
Function:
- body movement
- maintains posture
- heat production
Components and Function of the Nervous System
Components:
- brain
- spinal cord
- nerves
- special sense organs (ears, eyes)
Function:
- generates action potentials (nerve impulsesO to regulate body activities
- detects changes in the body’s internal and external environments
- interprets changes and respondes by causing muscular contractions or glandualr secretions
Components and Functions of the Endocrine System
Components:
- hormone producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, thymus, thyroid gland, etc.)
- hormone-producing cells
Function:
- regulates body activities by releasing hormones
Components and Function in the Cardiovascular System
Components:
- blood
- heart
- blood vessels
Function:
- heart pumps blood through blood vessels
- blod carries oxygen and nutrients to cells
Components and Function of the Lymphatic System
Components:
- lymphatic fluid
- lymphatic vessels
- spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils
- cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells, etc.)
Function:
- returns proteins and fluid to the blood
- carries lipids from GI tract to blood
- contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells & T cells
Components and Function of the Respiratory System
Components:
- lungs
- air passageways (pharynx- throat, larynx- voice box, trachea- windpipe, bronchial tubes)
Function:
- transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood; carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air
- helps regulate acid-base (pH) balance of body fluids
- air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds
Components and Function of the Digestive System
Components:
- organs of the GI tract (mouth, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus)
- accessory organs that assist in digestion (salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas)
Function:
- physical and chemical breakdown of food
- absorption of nutrients
- eliminates solid wastes
Components and Function of the Urinary System
Components:
- kidneys
- ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
Function:
- produces, stores and elimates urine
- elimiates waste and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood
- helps maintain pH balance of body fluids
- maintains body’s mineral balance
- helps regulate production of RBCs
Components and Function of the Reproductive System
Components:
- gonads (testes, ovaries)
- associated organs (fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, epididymis, Vas deferns, seminal vesicles, prostate, penis)
Function:
- gonads produce gametes (sperm and oocytes)
- gonads release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes
- associated organs transport and store gametes
- mammary glands produce milk
