Body systems

Question 1

System

Answer 1

A group of organs working together to perform a particular function

Question 2

Structural organisation in complex organisms

Answer 2

Cells

Tissues

Organs

Systems

Organisms

Question 3

Food Nutrients

Answer 3

Substances which nourish the body

Question 4

Ingestion

Answer 4

The intake of food by biting, chewing and swallowing

Question 5

Digestion

Answer 5

Mechanical and chemical process that convert insoluble food into soluble nutrients

Question 6

Absorption

Answer 6

When soluble nutrients are taken up by the blood stream

Question 7

Egestion

Answer 7

When undigested food materials are passed out of the body

Question 8

Faeces

Answer 8

Undigested waste material which is passed out of the body

Question 9

Main parts of the digestive system (the alimentary tube)

Answer 9

Mouth

Oesophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Rectum

Anus

Question 10

Main support organs for the digestive system

Answer 10

Liver

Gall bladder

Pancreas

Question 11

Health issues relating to the digestive system

Answer 11

Ulcers

Anorexia nervosa

Diarrhoea

Liver cirrhosis

Question 12

Digestive ulcers

Answer 12

Sores on the mucous membrane in the stomach or intestines

Question 13

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 13

An eating disorder that causes people to starve. Sometimes due to a fear of gaining weigh.

Question 14

Diarrhoea

Answer 14

A condition of having more than five bowel movents per day or watery stool.

Question 15

Liver cirrhosis

Answer 15

A liver disease where liver tissue is replaced with abnormal nodules or connective tissue.

Question 16

Arteries

Answer 16

Blood vessels transporting blood away from the heart

Question 17

Capillaries

Answer 17

The smallest blood vessels in the body

Question 18

Veins

Answer 18

Blood vessels transporting blood towards the heart

Question 19

Blood carries…

Answer 19

• Nutrients from the digestive system to the cells
• Oxygen from the lungs to the cells
• Waste from metabolism away from the cells to be excreted

Question 20

Main parts of the circulatory system

Answer 20

Heart

Blood vessels

Blood

Question 21

Main pathways of blood

Answer 21

Between the heart and the lungs

Between the heart and the rest of the body

Question 22

Structure of capillaries

Answer 22

A single layer of cells

Found between tissues

Thin to allow substances to diffuse to and from the blood

Question 23

Health issues related to the circulatory system

Answer 23

High blood pressure

Heart attack

Stroke

Question 24

High blood pressure

Answer 24

• Condition where the force of the blood being pushed against the artery walls is abnormally high.
• The artery walls push back very hard
• They become thicker and less elastic
• They don’t function function optimally (as well)

Question 25

Heart attack

Answer 25

* When a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the heart * This causes the heart muscle itself to get damaged or die * Blood stops flowing to the rest of the body

Question 26

Stroke

Answer 26

* When blood flow to the brain is stopped * This happens when a vessel in the brain bursts or is blocked by a clot * The brain cells die because of lack of oxygen

Question 27

Alveoli

Answer 27

Air sacs where gaseous exchange occurs

Question 28

Breathing

Answer 28

The ventilation (in and out flow of air) of the lungs

Question 29

Gaseous exchange

Answer 29

The exchange of gases between the blood and lungs The exchange of gases between the blood and cells

Question 30

Diffusion

Answer 30

The movement of molecules of a substance from a place of high concentration to a place of low concentration of that particular substance.

Question 31

Function of the respiratory system

Answer 31

To supply the cells with oxygen To remove carbon dioxide from the body

Question 32

Main pathway of air into the lungs

Answer 32

Nose/mouth larynx trachea bronchi broncioles alveoli

Question 33

Two main proceses of breathing

Answer 33

Inhalation Exhalation

Question 34

Inhalation

Answer 34

* Muscles in thorax contract * The lung volume increases * Air is drawn into the lungs

Question 35

Exhalation

Answer 35

* Muscles in thorax relax * The lung volume decreases * Air is forced out of the lungs

Question 36

Diffusion in the lungs

Answer 36

* Each alveolus is very thin walled sincle layer of cells * Surrounded by capillaries * Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream * Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli

Question 37

Respiration

Answer 37

Oxygen and glucose sre converted into energy Carbon dioxide and water are released as byproducts Cells use the energy to do work

Question 38

Health issues of the respiratory system

Answer 38

Asthma Lung cancer Bronchitis Asbestosis

Question 39

Asthma

Answer 39

* A disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow * This leads to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing

Question 40

Lung cancer

Answer 40

* A disease where the epithelial cells grow uncontrollably * These cells form a mass known as a tumor

Question 41

Bronchitis

Answer 41

* Inflammation or swelling of the bronchiole tubes * Caused usually by an infection * Less air (oxygen) is able to get into the lungs

Question 42

Asbestosis

Answer 42

* A disease caused by asbestos fibres entering the lungs during inhalation * The fibres build up in the lungs and cause the lungs to lose flexibility and become diseased.

Question 43

Ligaments

Answer 43

Tough, flexible