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Body Systems Flashcards

0
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers and lines much of the body

Ex skin

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1
Q

4 main types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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2
Q

Connective tissue

A

Found all over the body and primarily holds things together and provides structure
Ex cartilage

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3
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Provides the means for movement by and within the body

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4
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Transmits “messages” and is made of neurons and neuroglia

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5
Q

6 functions of the skeletal system

A 
Protect the soft body parts
Produce blood cells 
Act as a storage unit for minerals 
To provide support and allow us movement 
Framework 
Helps us breath
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6
Q

4 different types of bones

A

LONG BONE-longer than they are wide. Found in arms and legs
SHORT BONES- equal in width and length. Found in wrists and ankles
FLAT BONES- thinner bones, flat or plate like. Found in skull ribs
IRREGULAR BONES- odd shaped, connects to other bones. Hip bones and vertebrae

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7
Q

Periosteum

A

The covering around the bone

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8
Q

Bone marrow

A

Yellow marrow- high fat content

Red marrow- makes blood cells

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9
Q

2 types of Bone tissue

A

Compact bone- dense,hard tissue found in the shafts of long bone and outer layer
Spongy bone. Irregular holes give bone a spongy appearance

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10
Q

What is the formation of bone called ?

A

Ossification

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11
Q

Osteoprogenitor

A

Nonspecialized cells found in the periosteum,endosteum and central canal of compact bone

Turn into other cells as needed

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12
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cells that build bone

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13
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells that were originally osteoblasts

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14
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Tear down old bone constantly

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15
Q

What is it called when cartilage is replaced by bone?

A

Endochondral ossification

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16
Q

Growth plate

A

Epiphyseal plate

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17
Q

What is the 1st stage of bone repair?

A

Hematoma formation and inflammation

-blood collects around the fractured and the injured tissue release chemicals that trigger inflammation

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18
Q

What is the 2nd stage of bone repair?

A

Soft (fibrocarilage) callus formation

-cartilage fills in the space between the bones and blood vessels begin to grow into the area

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19
Q

What is stage 3 of bone repair?

A

Hard(bony) callus formation

- bone replaces the cartilage

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20
Q

What is the fourth stage in bone repair?

A

The bone is remodelled via the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts until the fracture is nearly undetectable

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21
Q

Cartilage

A

A form of connective tissue and that can withstand a fair amount of flexing, tension, and pressure
Ex. Nose ear ribs

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22
Q

Joint

A

Articulation

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23
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

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24
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
25
Name 5 different types of joints
``` Gliding- finger ankle Hinge- knee elbow Saddle- thumb Ellipoidal- forearm Pivot- neck Ball and socket- shoulder hip ```
26
Fibrous joints
No movement
27
Cartilaginous joints
Slight movement
28
Synovial joints
Easily move
29
Axial skeleton
Thorax Spinal column Hyoid bone Bones of ear and skull
30
Appendicular skeleton
``` Arms Legs Hips Shoulders Hands Feet ```
31
Arthritis
Inflammation of joints
32
Osteoporosis
Decreasing bone density
33
Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord
34
Peripheral nervous system
Input and output pathways (everything besides the CNS)
35
Sensory system
Senses sample the environment and bring info to the nervous system
36
Motor system
The output side carries out the orders from the brain and spinal cord
37
Somatic nervous system
Controls skeletal muscles and usually voluntary movement
38
Automatic nervous system
Controls smooth and cardiac muscles
39
Parasympathetic nervous system
Controls normal body functioning
40
Sympathetic nervous system
Body's alert system | Fight or flight
41
Nervous tissue is made up of what 2 cells?
Neuroglia and neurons
42
Neuroglia
Specialized cells in nervous tissue that allow it to perform nervous system functions. They hold the nervous system together
43
Neurons
All the control functions of the nervous system | Cell metabolism
44
Dendrites
Receive information from the environment or other cells
45
Axon
Signals leave the cell body and travel through the axon
46
Synapse
A structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell
47
Meninges
Membranes that envelope the central nervous system
48
Kidneys
Cleans the blood | Removes the urea from the blood and sends it to the bladder
49
Bladder
Inflates like a balloon when it is full of urine | Holding place for urine
50
Hypothyroidism
The thyroid under produces hormones | Also called Hashimoto's disease
51
Hyperthyroidism
Overproduction of thyroid hormones | Also known as Graves' disease
52
Pineal gland
In the forehead | Melatonin
53
Hypothalamus
In the brain | Oxytocin
54
Adrenal gland
Above the kidneys
55
Thymus
Below thyroid
56
Hormones
Chemical messengers that get release into the bloodstream
57
What does the endocrine system do?
Helps regulate hormones and glands
58
Large intestine
Water re absorption Absorption of vitamins Packaging and compacting waste products for elimination from the body
59
Small intestine
Digestion and absorption
60
Rugae
Deep folds in your stomach that expand and decrease its size
61
Peristalsis
Smooth muscle contractions of the esophagus move food down towards the stomach
62
Villi
The purpose is to provide an increase in the surface area of the small intestine
63
What gas does our body take in?
Oxygen
64
What gas does our body give off?
Carbon dioxide
65
Why does sweat stink?
Sweat only smells when it is left on the skin and bacteria degrades substances in the sweat into chemicals that give off a strong smell
66
Melanin
What gives your skin colour | The darker you are the more melanin you have
67
Melanocytes
Produces melanin
68
Longitudinal fissure
The line that separates the left and right brain
69
Sterol
Have a multiple ring structure | Found in plant and animal food
70
Why do we need fat?
Fat provides 9 cal of energy per gram
71
How much fat should we eat?
AMDR is 20-35% | We should limit saturated fats and trans fatty acid
72
Hidden vs visible fats
Oils and butter (v) | Baked good and processed meats(h)
73
Denaturation
When proteins lose their shape and function due to heat, acids and bases Ex. Curdled milk
74
Complete protein
A protein with all 9 essential amino acids
75
Amino acid
There are 20 amino acids | There are 9 essential amino acids
76
What determines the function of a protein?
Shape
77
Pulmonary
Blood to the heart
78
Systemic
Blood to the whole body

Health Science (4 decks)

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