body systems Flashcards
Identify major bones on a diagram of the skeletal system
cranium, mandible, cervical vertebrae, clavicle, scapula, sternum, humerus, thoracic vertebrae, ribs, lumbar vertebrae, pelvis, sacrum, coccyx, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges (fingers + toes), femur, patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals,
Explain the functions of the skeletal system
4 main functions: body movement, support and protection, mineral storage site and production of blood cells.
Body movement: when a muscle contracts, it pulls the bones it’s attached to, creating movement.
Support and protection: The skeleton houses and protects many vital body organs. Provides support for the body against the force of gravity, provide support for ligaments and tendons. E.g rib cage protects hearts, lungs and kidney.
Mineral Storage Site: Bones are the main storage site of calcium in the body.
Production of red blood cells: red and white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow found in many bones.
red- carry oxygen white- fight infection
Identify major muscles on a diagram of the muscular system
trapezius, deltoid, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, wrist flexors, sartorius, gastrocnemius, soleus, biceps brachii, rectus abdominus, obliques, abductors, quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior, hamstrings, gluteus maximus, erector spine, triceps brachii, latissimus dorsi
Describe the types of muscle tissue found in the human body
Three different types: Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle.
Cardiac muscle: involuntary muscle that makes up the heart walls, responsible for controlling the heart
Smooth muscle: involuntary muscle founds in intestines and blood vessels.
skeletal: voluntary muscle used to perform movements and control poster and perform physical activity.
Explain the functions of the muscular system
Three main functions of the muscular system:
create movement: The CNS sends a message to the relevant muscle. and then the muscle pulls the bone to allow the desired movement.
Adequate posture: Muscles are continually in a state of tone that affects their ability to help our body to maintain an upright posture when awake and to function safely during sleep.
Essential bodily functions: Involuntary muscles are those over which we have little or no conscious control (involuntary control).
They function continuously and preserve our ongoing body needs whether we are awake or not.
Outline how the musculoskeletal system functions to create movement
Skeletal muscles allow our bodies to move by shortening / contracting to pull our bones into action
Skeletal muscles usually work in pairs to enable movement to occur.
One muscle contracts (agonist) while the other relaxes (antagonist).
This is called “Reciprocal Inhibition”
(eg. The way the biceps and triceps work together)
Explain the structure and function of the heart
The heart is a pump designed to circulate blood throughout the cardiovascular system
The heart has four chambers — two atriums and two ventricles.
The atriums are the upper chambers that receive blood.
The ventricles are the lower chambers that pump blood.
The septum divides the heart into two pumps.
The left pump is the left atrium and left ventricle.
The right pump is the right atrium and right ventricle.
function of cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels):
It circulates blood to all parts of the body.
It transports water, oxygen and nutrients to the cells.
It transports wastes including carbon dioxide away from the cells.
It helps maintain correct body temperature.
It helps fight disease through the white blood cells and antibodies contained in the blood.
Identify major structures on a diagram of the cardiovascular system
Describe the role of the circulatory system in delivering oxygen to the body
The blood in the two pumps does not mix because the left pump has oxygenated blood for the body, while the right pump has deoxygenated blood that travels to the lungs for the removal of carbon dioxide. Arteries always carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body.
Outline the process of respiration, including inhalation and exhalation
The respiratory system has 5 important functions. It:
Brings air from the atmosphere into the lungs.
Transfers oxygen into the blood.
Removes carbon dioxide from the blood.
Expels heat and water vapour in the air breathed out.
Allows the vocal cords to create speech as air is breathed out.
Outline the process of determining heart rate and respiratory rate
Respiratory rate is counted by how many breaths you take a minute. Heart rate is determined by pressing on your pulse points and counting how many beats per minute.
Discuss how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to deliver oxygen to the working muscles during physical activity
During exercise, 2 of most important organs of the body come into action: heart and the lungs. Lungs bring oxygen into body to provide energy and remove carbon dioxide (waste product created when you produce energy). The heart pumps the oxygen to the muscles that you are doing the exercise.
Explain the agonist/antagonist relationship!
It is when one muscle contracts and the other relaxes.
