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9 Science > Body systems > Flashcards

Body systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a Body system?

A

A group of body cells, organs or structures that work together to perform a particular function.

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2
Q

Diffusion?

A

The net of movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

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3
Q

Catalysts

A

Substances that speed up chemical reactions

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4
Q

Enzymes

A

Biological catalysts. They are proteins in our body that increase the rate of metabolic reactions.

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5
Q

Metabolisms

A

chemical reactions

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6
Q

What does Metabolism allow your body to do?

A
  • Grow
  • reproduce
  • maintain structure
  • respond to the environment
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7
Q

Catabolism

A

Simple molecules broken down to supply energy for bodily functions

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8
Q

Anabolism

A

Simple molecules used to build complex molecules

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9
Q

The purpose of an Enzyme?

A

build to catalyse a certain type of reaction

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10
Q

Macronutrients

A

Need in larger amounts

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11
Q

Micronutrients

A

need in smaller amounts

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12
Q

Where do we get micronutrients

A

Vitamins and minerals

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13
Q

Where do we get macronutrients

A

Protein, fat, and carbs

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14
Q

Levels of organisation?

A

structures in nature with higher and lower relationships but are connected together (this only applies to living organisms)

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15
Q

Polymers

A

Large molecules made up of long chains or networks of smaller molecules called monomers

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16
Q

Monomers

A

a molecule of any class compounds, mostly organic and can react with polymers

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17
Q

What is the Alveoli

A
  • one cell thick walls
  • surrounded by capillaries
  • Moist surface
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18
Q

How many components are in blood

A

4: Plasma, white blood cells, platelets, red blood cells

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19
Q

Cellular respiration

A

the process of producing energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen

20
Q

Nervous system

A

coordinates various muscles and glands in order to respond to changes in the internal and external environments.

21
Q

2 main parts of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

22
Q

What is the nervous system made up of

A

neurons

23
Q

Where are sensory neurons found?

A

PNS

24
Q

What is the role of a sensory neuron?

A

Carry information to the receptors in the CNS

25
Q

where are the motor neuron found?

A

PNS

26
Q

Whats the role of a motor neuron?

A

Carry information from the CNS to the effectors (muscle and glands) so they can respond

27
Q

Where are the interneuron found?

A

CNS

28
Q

What’s the role of the interneuron

A

Carry information between neurons of all types

29
Q

Stimulus response model

A

A simple way to represent actions in the nervous system

30
Q

Stimulus

A

any factor that stimulates a receptor and brings out a response

31
Q

Reflex

A

is a quick , involuntary (automatic) action to protect the body from danger

32
Q

What does a conscious action look like?

A

Stimulus –> receptor–> Brain–> effector–> response

33
Q

What does a reflex action look like

A

stimulus–> recpetor—> spinal cord–> effector–> response

34
Q

reflex arc

A

A simple nerve pathway

35
Q

Gland

A

a group of cells or discrete structure in the body that produces specific hormones

36
Q

Hormone

A

is a chemical substance that acts on specific cells in another part of the body from where it is made ( called target cells ) to alter their function

37
Q

Endocrine system

A

A complex network of glands and organs which use hormones to control and coordinate your body’s metabolism, reproduction, energy level and growth.

38
Q

Pituitary gland

A

-Coordinates the endocrine system
- Called the master gland
- responds to information form the hypothalamus gland
- located in the brain

39
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Constantly check internal conditions and responds
  • links the nervous system and endocrine systems
  • secretes hormones to the pituitary gland
40
Q

Homeostasis

A

the body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions in the face of changing external conditions

41
Q

What conditions do our bodies need to control?

A

-temperature
- blood pressure
- energy levels
- heart rate

42
Q

Thermoregulation

A

How we maintain a stable body temperature

43
Q

Endotherm

A

generate own heat

44
Q

ectotherm

A

relies on external environment for heat

45
Q

Positive feedback

A

response increases stimulus

46
Q

negative feedback

A

response decreases stimulus

9 Science (2 decks)

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