Body Systems Flashcards
What are the body systems
Respiratory system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
musculoskeletal system
Muscular system
Gastrointestinal tract
Circulatory system
Integumentary system
Urinary system
Respiratory system
Function. move oxygen into bloodstream; remove carbon dioxide from the bloodstream. Anatomy. oropharynx; nasopharynx; pharynx …
Musculoskeletal system
The framework for the body, the musculoskeletal system protects vital internal organs and provides for body movement.
- joints
- skull
- facial bones
- spinal column
- thorax
- pelvis
- upper extremities
- lower extremities
Muscular system
The muscular system works with the skeletal system to protect the body, give it structure, and provide for movement. Muscles are divided into
three types: voluntary, involuntary, and cardiac.
Circulatory system
transports oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removes waste products to be excreted from the body
Heart
Arteries
Ventricles
Veins
Vessels
Capillaries
Arterioles
Nervous system
The nervous system is the control center of the body. It is divided into two division:
- Central Nervous System (CNS) - composed of the brain and spinal cord.
- Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - comprised of nerves that carry messages to and from the CNS. There are two types of nerves in the PNS:
The nervous system carries out voluntary and involuntary functions. Involuntary functions are carried out by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is divided into two divisions:
a) sympathetic - has more of a excitatory effect on the body.
b) parasympathetic - has more of an inhibitory effect on the body.
Integumentory System
The skin is the largest organ of the body. It helps protect the body from infection, injury, and helps regulate body temperature and prevent water loss. The skin is composed of three layers:
- Epidermis - outer layer that consists mostly of dead cells that provide a waterproof barrier.
- Dermis - contains the sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings.
- Hypodermis - composed mostly of adipose (fat) and connective tissue that connects the skin to the organs and provides protection and cushioning for the organs of the body.
Endocrine System
The endocrine system secretes hormones from the glands directly into the bloodstream which regulate bodily activities and functions. Two major hormones are epinephrine and insulin.
Abdominal Cavity
The abdominal cavity lies immediately inferior to the thoracic cavity and contains the major organs of digestion and excretion. It is divided into four quadrants by imaginary lines that intersect at the umbilicus. The left upper quadrant (LUQ) contains the stomach, spleen, and parts of the colon. The right upper quadrant (RUQ) contains the liver, gall bladder, and part of the colon. Both the right (RLQ) and left (LLQ) lower quadrants contain parts of the colon. The RLQ also contains the appendix. The abdominal cavity is lined by a thin membrane called the peritoneum. The kidneys lie behind the abdominal cavity in what is referred to as the retroperitoneal space which is located behind the peritoneum superior to the umbilicus from about the L3 to T11.
Gastrointestinal tract
the mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. It also includes the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, which make digestive juices and enzymes that help the body digest food and liquids.
Urinary system
Bladder
Ureter
Kidney
Urethra
Renal pelvis
kidneys form the urine and account for the other functions attributed to the urinary system. The ureters carry the urine away from kidneys to the urinary bladder, which is a temporary reservoir for the urine. The urethra is a tubular structure that carries the urine from the urinary bladder to the outside.
