Body Structure And Function

Question 1

Body composition- BMI

Answer 1

Mass (kg)/h^2 (meters)
Overweight BMI: 25-29
Obese BMI: over 30

Question 2

When is growth deficiency due to malnutrition a problem

Answer 2

After age 4, reduces ultimate stature and may not be reversible

Question 3

Direct leg length discrepancy

Answer 3

ASIS to medial malleolus

Question 4

Apparent/functional leg length discrepancy

Answer 4

Umbilicus to medial malleolus

Question 5

Heart rate norms: Birth to 1 month, up to 3 years, more than 3 years

Answer 5

Birth to 1 month: 100-160
Preterm infant: 120-170
Up to 3 y: 100-180
> 3 years: 70-150

Question 6

BP norms- birth to 1 month

Answer 6

60-90/30-60

Preterm infant: 55-75/35-45

Question 7

BP norms: up to 3 years

Answer 7

75-130/45-90

Question 8

BP norms: > 3 years

Answer 8

90-140/50-80

Question 9

Respiratory rate norms: birth to 1 month

Answer 9

35-55

Preterm 40-70

Question 10

Respiratory rate norms: up to 6 y

Answer 10

20-30

Question 11

Respiratory rate norms 6-10 years

Answer 11

15-25

Question 12

Respiratory rate norms 10-16

Answer 12

12-30

Question 13

Early activity scale for Endurance (EASE)

Answer 13

Age range 1.5-5 years

Parent report questionnaire used to determine a child with cerebral palsy’s ability to sustain activity without tiring.

Question 14

Energy Expenditure Index (Modified EEI)

Answer 14

Child walks comfortably and quickly while wearing a HR monitor
HR and distance walked are recorded after 3 minutes
Heart rate/ distance/3 minutes

Question 15

6 minute walk test

Answer 15

Age range not specified, have seen norms as low as 5-6 y
Self paced assessment tool to quantify functional exercise capacity in individuals with various cardio respiratory disease

Question 16

30 second walk test

Answer 16

Child walks as fast as possible for 30 seconds, distance covered is recorded
5-13 years

Question 17

6 minute push test

Answer 17

Ages 7 and above
Children GMFCS levels II to IV self propel in manual wheelchair
Covers as much distance as possible in 6 minutes

Question 18

Modified Timed Up and Go

Answer 18

MDC blues for children with Down syndrome and CP GMFCS level 1-3 are available
Age 3-12 years

Question 19

FITNESSGRAM

Answer 19

Measures fitness in school age children
Assessed criterion referenced standards of physical fitness
Measures strength, endurance aerobic capacity, flexibility, body composition and activity

Question 20

Presidential Physical Fitness Test

Answer 20

Appropriate for school age children to measure physical fitness

Question 21

Brockport physical fitness test

Answer 21

A health related assessment for youngsters with disabilities
Ages 10-17 with disabilities
Compatible with and can be used alongside FITNESSGRAM
Adopted by the presidential youth fitness program

Question 22

Contraindications for exercise testing

Answer 22

Acute febrile condition
Acute inflammatory cardiac disease
Uncontrolled CHF
Asthmatic child with dyspnea at rest or whose FEV or PEF is less than 60% of height
Acute renal disease
Acute hepatitis
Insulin dependent diabetic who did not take prescribed insulin or who is ketoacidotic
Drug overdose affecting cardiorespiratory response to exercise

Question 23

Quick neurological screening test

Answer 23

Age range: 4y through adulthood
Purpose: identify individuals at risk for learning disabilities. Documents the presence of neurological soft signs, which are thought to indicate delays or reduced cortical neural connectivity
Items addressed: 14 items that screen for: motor maturity and development, sensory processing, gross and fine motor control, motor planning and sequencing, sense of rate and rhythm, spatial organization, visual and auditory perception balance and vestibular function and attention.
Administration: QNST-3R is individually administered, empirically based assessment of the development of motor coordination and sensory processing or neurologic soft signs (NSS). NSS are minor irregularities that include poor motor coordination, Sensory perceptual changes and difficulty sequencing complex motor tasks. Disruptions of NSS can be risks factors for learning disabilities. Subjective ratings compared with cutt off scores in the manual.
New literature suggests a relationship between NSS and sports related concussion (child and adult) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer disease and parkinson disease.

Question 24

Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale

Answer 24

Age Range: 1-5y
Areas Tested: Six observed behaviours (crying, facial expressions, trunk position, touching behavior, and leg position) scored on a 1- to 3-point cale. Operation definitions provided.

Question 25

CRIES Scale

Answer 25

Birth to 6 mo
Likert scale of intensity of each element
Cries, Require Oxygen, Increased Vital Signs, Expression, Sleep)

Question 26

Faces Pain Scale

Answer 26

Age Range: 3 to 12 years

Faces indicating pain intensity

Question 27

FLACC Pain Scale

Answer 27

Faces, Legs, Activity, Crying, Consolability Behavioral Pain Scale)
Age range: 2mo to 7 years
Used with children unable to communicate their pain. 10 point Likert scale of five criteria: faces, legs, activity, cry, consolability

Question 28

Individualized Numeric Pain Scales (INPS)

Answer 28

12+

Question 29

Numeric Pain Rating Scale

Answer 29

12+

Question 30

Neonatal Infant Pain Scale

Answer 30

Birth to 12 months

Question 31

Oucher Scale

Answer 31

100- point vertical scale of 6 photos of children’s faces indicating pain intensity
Age Range: 3 to 12 years

Question 32

Visual Analogue Scale

Answer 32

Age range: 12+y

Child indicates pain intensity on a vertical or horizontal continuum

Question 33

Gauvain-Piquard Rating

Answer 33

2-6 years

15 behaviors divided into 3 sub scales: pain, behavior, and psychomotor alterations