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Perception > Body Senses > Flashcards

Body Senses Flashcards

0
Q

Tactile receptors

A

Meissners corpuscles
Merkels disks
Ruffini’s corpuscles
Pacinian corpuscles

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1
Q

Somatosensory system (3)

A

1 touch

  1. Proprioception = position of body parts
  2. Kinesthesis = movement of body parts
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2
Q

Where are the tactile receptors in layers of skin

A

Meissners corpuscles EDIPERMIS
Merkels disks EDIPERMIS
Ruffini’s corpuscles DERMIS
Pacinian corpuscles SUBCUTIS

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3
Q

Superficial tactile receptors

A

Meissner/merkel

Respond best to LIGHT TOUCH

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4
Q

Deep tactile receptors

A

Pacinian/ruffini

Respond best to PRESSURE and STRETCH

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5
Q

Thermoreceptors (free nerve endings)

A

WARMTH FIBRES
Signal an increase in skin temp
COLD FIBRES
Signal decrease in skin temp

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6
Q

Proprioception/kinaesthesia receptors

3

A

Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs (muscle tension/in tendon)
Joint receptors

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7
Q

Slower somatosensory pathway

A

SPINOTHALAMIC PATHWAY

carries slow temperature signals from free nerve endings

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8
Q

Faster somatosensory pathway

A

LEMNISCAL PATHWAY

Carries fast signals from mechanoreceptors (touch, proprioception)

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9
Q

Both pathways have branching circuits in ________ for ______

A

Spinal cord

Reflex responses

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10
Q

Somatotropin organisation

A

Bits next to eachother on the body are represented next to each other in the cortex.

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11
Q

Somatosensory homunculus

A

Illustrates somatotopic organisation and corticalagnification

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12
Q

What has a small receptive field

A

Mouth/fingers

Think foveal vision, more densely packed

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13
Q

Variation in acuity with body location mirrors…..

A

Cortical magnification

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14
Q

vestibular system?

A

signals head’s acceleration and altitude relative to gravitational verticle

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15
Q

what makes up the vestibular labryinth?

A

3 semicircular canals: posterioir, anterioir & lateral
2 otolith organs: utricle & saccule

2 vestibular labrynths

16
Q

the body can move linearly accross 3 possible axes.

these are…

A

z (frontal, roll rotation)
y (median, pitch)
x (transverse, yaw)

17
Q

how many degrees of freedom? possible ways the body can move

A

6 completely independent of others

18
Q

vestibular transduction

A

head acceleration of static tilts causes minute displacements if hair cells (stereocillia towards kinocillium) that activates sensory nerves

19
Q

capula

A

bundle of hair cells in each semicircular canal

20
Q

macula

A

patch of hair cells in both the utricle and saccule

21
Q

what part of vesitbular labrynth deals with which axes

A

utricle & saccule = x (linear acceleration), y (static tilt)

semicircular canals = z (rotational acceleration)

22
Q

vestibular system cant tell the difference between which 2 axes and why

A

linear acceleration and static stilt/ x and y

because they are equivalent stimuli. each respond to motion in various directions along the flat plane of the otolithic membrane

23
Q

kinocillium

A

a single tall hair in the hair cell

24
Q

stereocillia

A

the smaller hairs in a hair cell

25
Q

vestibular hierarchy

what happens from sensory nerve fibres…

A

sensory nerve fibres from the hair cells project to the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem, then go 4 ways

  1. VESTIBULO- CEREBELLAR; posture, movement
  2. VESTIBULO-THALAMIC; balance
  3. VESTIBULO-SPINAL; limb movements
  4. VESTIBULO-OCULAR; eye movements
26
Q

oculogyral illusion

A

spin around, stop, feel like your going other way.
explanation…….
due to inertia, fluid in the semicircular canals decelerates more slowly than the canals when spin stops

27
Q

oculogravic illusion

A

when body undergoes linear acceleration, an illusory impression of body tilt occurs (think plane take off)

28
Q

Where are the cell bodies of mechanoreceptors

A

In the dorsal root ganglia just outside the spinal column.

Their peripheral axons end below the surface of the skin, and their central axons project towards the brain

29
Q

haptic perception

A

touch + kinesthesis

30
Q

myelinated neurons are?

A

in the lemniscal pathway

31
Q

where is the primary somatosensory cortex

A

thin strip running over the top of the head, ear to ear

cells near left ear have rfs near right side of the mouth and face

32
Q

vertical oriented groups in the cortex?

A

yes horizontally and vertically organised.

vertical for cortical cells that connect to the same type of somatosensory receptor in the same region of the body

33
Q

hair cells and axons and action potentials

A

hair cells have no axons or action potentials

34
Q

when is inertia evident

A

only evident during acceleration or deceleration.

once a constant velocity is reached all fluids/membranes travel at the same speed, and there is no basis for hair cell deflection

35
Q

how many dif types of receptors in the somatosensory system

A

8

Perception (7 decks)

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