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Medical Terminology > Body Orientation > Flashcards

Body Orientation Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of the structure of the human body

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of body function

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3
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Person stands erect with feet together and eyes forward. Palms face anteriorly with the thumbs pointed away from the body

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4
Q

Axial Region

A

The main axis of the body (includes trunk region and head)

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5
Q

Appendicular Region

A

The limbs (arms and legs)

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6
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above (also called cranial)

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7
Q

Cranial

A

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above (also called superior)

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8
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below (also called caudal)

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9
Q

Caudal

A

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below (also called inferior)

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10
Q

Anterior

A

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of (also called ventral)

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11
Q

Ventral

A

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of (also called anterior)

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12
Q

Posterior

A

Toward or at the back of the body; behind (also called dorsal)

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13
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward or at the back of the body; behind (also called posterior)

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14
Q

Medial

A

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

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15
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

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16
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment or a limb to the body trunk (ex. elbow is “ “ to wrist)

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17
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk (ex. wrist is “ “ to elbow)

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18
Q

Superficial

A

Toward or at the body surface (also called external)

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19
Q

External

A

Toward or at the body surface (also called superficial)

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20
Q

Deep

A

Away from the body surface, more internal (also called internal)

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21
Q

Internal

A

Away from the body surface, more internal (also called deep)

22
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

23
Q

Contralateral

A

On opposite sides

24
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Lies vertically and divides the body into the anterior and posterior parts (Also called frontal plane)

25
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Lies vertically and divides the body into the anterior and posterior parts (Also called coronal plane)

26
Q

Median Plane

A

Specific sagittal plane that lies vertically in the midline; divides body into left and right parts (also called midsagittal plane)

27
Q

Midsagittal Plane

A

Specific sagittal plane that lies vertically in the midline; divides body into left and right parts (also called median plane)

28
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Runs horizontally and divides body into superior and inferior parts

29
Q

Oblique Plane

A

Oblique section through the trunk

30
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A

Cavity in the back of the body that contains the cranial and vertebral cavities

31
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Hollow area within the skull occupied by the brain

32
Q

Vertebral Cavity

A

Cavity that runs through the vertebral column and encloses the spinal cord

33
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A

Cavity that contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

34
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Cavity divided into three parts: two lateral parts each containing a lung surrounded by a pleural cavity and the mediastinum that contains the heart surrounded by the pericardial sac

35
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Cavity divided into two parts: abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity

36
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Cavity that contains the liver, stomach, kidneys and other organs

37
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Cavity that contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum

38
Q

Serous Cavities

A

A slit-like space lined by a serous membrane. Three: pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal

39
Q

Parietal Serosa

A

Smooth membrane that secretes serous fluid on the outer wall of the cavity

40
Q

Visceral Serosa

A

Smooth membrane that secretes serous fluid that covers the visceral organs

41
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

Space between the parietal pericardium and visceral layer around the heart. Contains serous fluid called pericardial fluid

42
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Space between the visceral and parietal pleura of the lungs. Contains small amount of pleural fluid

43
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum (membranes that separate the organs in the abdominal cavity from the abdominal wall)

44
Q

Synovial Cavity

A

Join between the neck vertebrae

45
Q

Epigastric Region

A

Abdominal region above the umbilical region

46
Q

Umbilical Region

A

Central abdominal region

47
Q

Hypogastric Region

A

Abdominal region below the umbilical region; also called the suprapubic region

48
Q

Hypochondriac Region

A

Left and Right: Abdominal regions to left and right of epigastric region in upper part of abdomen

49
Q

Lumbar Region

A

Left and Right: Abdominal regions to left and right of umbilical region in central part of abdomen

50
Q

Iliac Region

A

Left and Right: Abdominal regions to left and right of epigastric region in lower part of abdomen. Also called inguinal region

Medical Terminology (2 decks)

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