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Medical Terminology > Body Organization > Flashcards

Body Organization Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Chemical level

A

Atoms bond to form molecules

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2
Q

Cellular level

A

Molecules combine to form the fluid & organelles of a body cell

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3
Q

Tissue level

A

Similar cells form a body tissue

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4
Q

Organ level

A

2+ different tissues combine to form an organ

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5
Q

Organismal level

A

Many organ systems work to perform functions of an independent organism

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6
Q

Elements

A

Unique pure substances - components of everything in the universe

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7
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of any element

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8
Q

Molecule

A

2+ atoms combined

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9
Q

Cell

A

Smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism

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10
Q

Tissue

A

Group of many similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

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11
Q

Organ

A

Distinct structure of the body composed of 2 or more tissue types

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12
Q

Organ system/ body system

A

Group of organs that work together to perform major functions and meet the physiological needs of the body

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13
Q

Organism

A

The highest level of organization

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14
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Front or direction toward the front of the body

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15
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Back or direction toward the back of the body

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16
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

A position above or higher than another part of the body

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17
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

A position below or lower than another part of the body

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18
Q

Lateral

A

The side or direction toward the side of the body

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19
Q

Medial

A

Middle or direction toward the middle of the body

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20
Q

Supine

A

Horizontal position with the body facing upward

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21
Q

Prone

A

Horizontal position with the body facing downward

22
Q

Section

A

2 dimensional surface that has been “cut” from a 3 dimensional structure

23
Q

Plane

A

Imaginary 2 dimensional surface that passes through the body

24
Q

Sagittal plane (lateral plane)

A

Divides the body/organ vertically into right and left sides

25
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

When a sagittal plane runs directly down the middle of the body or an organ

26
Q

Frontal plane (coronal plane)

A

Divides the body/organ into an anterior (front) and posterior (rear) portion

27
Q

Transverse plane (axial plane)

A

Divides the body or organ horizontally into upper and lower portions. Transverse planes produce images referred to as cross-sections.

28
Q

Dorsal/Posterior and Ventral/Anterior Cavities

A

Largest body components

29
Q

Posterior/Dorsal Cavity

A

Contains the cranial cavity (brain, pineal and pituitary glands) and the spinal/vertebral cavity (enclosed the spinal cord)

30
Q

Anterior/Ventral Cavity

A

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

31
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

More superior subdivision of the ventral cavity
Enclosed by rib cage
Contains heart, lungs, trachea, bronchial tubes

32
Q

Mediastinum

A

Located between the lungs, contains, heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchial tubes

33
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Within the mediastinum and is formed from the pericardium, which is a double membrane that surrounds the heart

34
Q

Pleural cavity

A

A smaller cavity within the thoracic cavity
Lungs are protected by a double membrane called the pleura
The space between the pleura is the pleural cavity

35
Q

Diaphragm

A

A muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and separates it from the more inferior abdominopelvic cavity

36
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Largest cavity in the body, Inferior subdivision of the ventral cavity
Not divided by a membrane
Houses the abdominal and pelvic cavities

37
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Houses digestive organs (stomach, liver, gallbladder, small and large intestines)
Organs are surrounded by a double membrane called the peritoneum

38
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

The space between the double membrane that is the peritoneum

39
Q

Peritoneum

A

Adds protection and supports and reduces friction between the abdominal and pelvic organs

40
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Inferior to the abdominal cavity
Contains male or female reproductive organs, urinary system organs (urinary bladder, urethra, ureters), rectum, anus

41
Q

Spine

A

Spinal column, vertebral column
Vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs
33 vertebrae (decreases with age to 24)
5 regions, increasing order from top to bottom

42
Q

Cervical

A

7 bones
C1-C7
Neck

43
Q

Thoracic

A

12 bones
T1-T12
Trunk, essentially

44
Q

Lumbar

A

5 bones
L1-L5
Lower back

45
Q

Sacral

A

5 fused bones
Sacrum is the fusion of sacral vertebrae

46
Q

Coccygeal

A

4 fused bones
Coccyx (tailbone) is the fusion of coccygeal vertebrae

47
Q

Vertebra

A

A body, a vertebral arch, seven processes

48
Q

Body (vertebra)

A

Front portion of a vertebra
Supports the body’s weight

49
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Back portion
The large opening between the vertebral arch and the body contains the spinal cord

50
Q

Seven Processes

A

Outgrowths that arise from the vertebral arch, serve various functions, including attachments for muscles and ribs

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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