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IM1 Exam 1 > Body Mechanics > Flashcards

Body Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

body mechanics definition

A

posture = alignment, promotes comfort, contributes to balance and control

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2
Q

balance can be affected by many things

A

pregnancy, neuro issues

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3
Q

what makes movement possible

A

bones along with muscle and cartilage

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4
Q

nervous system innervates

A

skeletal muscle - posture and movement
smooth muscle - digestive tract, bladder and blood vessels
cardiac muscle - contracts spontaneously

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5
Q

skeletal muscle movement is

A

spontaneous or involuntary (react to hot burner)
voluntary or intentional (pick up pen)

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6
Q

3 types of range of motion in joints

A

flexion, extension and hyperextension

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7
Q

abduction

A

away from body, like abduct a child is take it away

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8
Q

adduct

A

back towards the middle or body

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9
Q

rotation

A

twist, ex: turn the head

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10
Q

circumduction

A

putting your arm in circles

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11
Q

healthcare industry has the

A

worst rates of overexertion injuries among all US industries

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12
Q

how many overexertion injuries for every 10,000 full-time hospital workers

A

75 overexertion injuries

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13
Q

how many overexertion injuries for every 10,000 workers at a nursing or residential facility

A

107 overexertion injuries

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14
Q

hospital rates are nearly _____ the national average for all industries, and nursing homes are nearly ____ times as high

A

twice, three

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15
Q

nurses have the highest levels of _______ over other occupations

A

overexertion and bodily reaction injuries

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16
Q

what is the leading and most costly occupational health problem?

A

work-related musculoskeletal disorders

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17
Q

types of soft tissue damage

A

muscles
tendons
ligaments
joints
blood vessels
nerves
spinal discs

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18
Q

combination of risk factors - increase chances of issues

A

duration
frequency
intensity

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19
Q

ANA position

A

supports guidelines that eliminate all manual movement (want you to have a device that does it for you)

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20
Q

true or false: training nurses to use proper body mechanics alone will avoid injuries

A

false - person has to use those proper body mechanics as well

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21
Q

true or false: while lifting devices minimize risk, the risk of MSDs cannot be eliminated altogether.

A

true

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22
Q

true or false: studies have shown that patients feel more comfortable and secure when a mechanical transfer device is used.

A

true

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23
Q

true or false: it can actually take much longer to round up a team of colleagues to manually lift a patient than to find and use lifting equipment.

A

true

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24
Q

injuries - patient risk factors

A

weak/unable to help with transfers
unpredictable
vision or hearing loss
uncooperative
overweight
experiencing pain
poor communication

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25
Q

injuries - nurse risk factors

A

previous injuries
not trained properly
not compliant with policies and procedures
poor physical health
sleep deprivation

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26
Q

injuries - task-related risk factors

A

reaching and lifting with loads far from the body
lifting heavy loads
twisting while lifting
unexpected changes in load demand during lift
reaching
long duration

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27
Q

actions that will cause injuries

A

moving or carrying a load significant distance
awkward posture
pushing/pulling incorrectly
completing activity with bed or chair at wrong height
frequent/repeated lifting and moving

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28
Q

5 aspects that are the foundation of body mechanics

A

face the direction of movement
body alignment
center of gravity
balance
base of support

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29
Q

keep your center of gravity over a ____ base of support

A

wide

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30
Q

body mechanics principles

A

arrange for adequate help
flex knees, keep feet wide apart
keep back, neck, pelvis, feet aligned, avoid twisting
tighten stomach muscles and pull butt in
keep object close to self
use arms and legs, not back
use coordinated movements

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31
Q

activity orders

A

a doctor’s order that defines the type and amount of activity a hospitalized patient may have

32
Q

check the _____ _____ before getting a patient up

A

activity orders

33
Q

BR or CBR

A

bed rest / complete bed rest

34
Q

BR with BRP

A

bed rest with bathroom privileges

35
Q

up ad lib

A

as patient wants to/desires

36
Q

up as tolerated

A

as patient is able to tolerate

37
Q

dangle

A

patient may sit and dangle their feet over the edge of the bed

38
Q

up in chair with assist

A

patient may transfer from bed to chair with help

39
Q

NWB

A

non-weight bearing

40
Q

TDWB

A

touch-down weight bearing

41
Q

TTWB

A

toe-touch weight bearing

42
Q

WBAT

A

weight bearing as tolerated

43
Q

FWB

A

full weight bearing

44
Q

fall bundle - standard precautions

A

2 patient identifers (name and date of birth)
bed locked in lowest position (for everyone, no exceptions)
call light within reach
room free of clutter
belongings within reach
bed locked in lowest position
non-skid socks

45
Q

fall bundle - moderate precautions

A

fall magnet
yellow socks
yellow gown

46
Q

fall bundle - high precautions

A

door opened
bed alarm/chair alarm

47
Q

fall bundle

A

do not leave patients unattended in shower and do utilize shower shoes
utilize gait belts for ambulation and other assistive devices as appropriate

48
Q

high Fowler’s

A

head of bed (HOB) 90 degrees - sitting up

49
Q

Fowler’s

A

head of bed (HOB) raised to angle of 45 degrees or more

50
Q

semi-Fowler’s

A

head of bed (HOB) raised to 30 degrees

51
Q

Trendelenburg

A

entire bed tilted with head of bed down
ex: for vertigo, low blood pressure, to avoid air embolism when taking out a central catheter
contraindicated for high blood pressure because it would just add pressure to their heart

52
Q

reverse Trendelenburg

A

entire bed tilted with foot of bed down

53
Q

flat bed position

A

entire bed is horizontal to the floor

54
Q

supine

A

laying flat on back

55
Q

prone

A

laying flat on stomach

56
Q

lateral

A

laying on side

57
Q

lateral recumbent

A

laying on side with one leg higher than other
ex: to give suppository to patient

58
Q

orthopneic

A

sitting up hunched over pillows in front of them
ex: if having trouble breathing

59
Q

lithotomy

A

laying on back with knees up
ex: for gynecological exam

60
Q

how to manual lift

A

assess the weight of the patient
get help
bend at the knees
use large muscles of legs instead of back to lift

61
Q

use manual lifting as a ____ _____

A

last resort

62
Q

consider these when moving patients

A

how capable is the patient?
assistive devices needed?
explain the transfer process
does equipment function properly?
bed in locked position

63
Q

where does the gait belt go?

A

around the waist, below the belly button

64
Q

stand on ____ side if injury related issue, on ____ side if neuro issue

A

strong side, weak side

65
Q

does the thumb go up or down when holding the gait belt while the patient is walking?

A

thumbs up - because 4 fingers is stronger than thumb to have on the bottom

66
Q

if the patient starts falling, you should

A

have a wide solid base, plant foot good extended and let them slide down, bend knees as they go down

67
Q

using a slideboard

A

all side rails lowered, bed in highest position indicated best for everyone’s body mechanics, brakes are locked, make sure everyone is ready (coordinate with nurses so everyone knows what they’re doing), patient arms crossed on abdomen

68
Q

use trapeze bar

A

alert patients can use to move up on the bed if ex: they have weakness in one leg

69
Q

use hoyer lift

A

for patients with non-bearing status, not able to cooperate (really out of it)
2 people helping the patient

70
Q

moving patients principles

A

use patient-handling equipment and devices
arrange for adequate help
raise bed to comfortable working height!!
encourage patient to help as much as possible - cross arms and bend at the knee if possible
use body mechanic principles
coordinate the lift by counting to 3
use manual lift as last resort

71
Q

ambulation

A

the ability to walk

72
Q

gait

A

the manner of walking
normal gait places body weight fully on each leg in turn
head erect, spine is aligned, hip and knees have appropriate flexion and arms swing freely in alternation with legs

73
Q

assisting with ambulation

A

evaluate the environment for safety

74
Q

assisting with ambulation

A

evaluate the environment for safety
obtain baseline blood pressure
dangle patient if indicated
support the patient at their waist
return patient to chair/bed if c/o dizziness or experiences syncope episode
support patient with hemiplegia or hemiparesis
when in doubt, get help!!

75
Q

assistive devices

A

canes - single straight-legged, quad cane
crutches - axilla, forearm
walker - standard, two-wheel, rollator

76
Q

proper cane and height position

A

bend of elbow is 15 degrees

77
Q

sizing crutches

A

2-3 finger width space between axilla and top of crutch
prevents injury to brachial plexus nerves
wrists should line up with grab bars when arms are relaxed
when grasping handgrips, elbow flexion should be 15-30 degrees

IM1 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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