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IM1 Exam 1 > Body Mechanics > Flashcards

Body Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

body mechanics definition

A

posture = alignment, promotes comfort, contributes to balance and control

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2
Q

balance can be affected by many things

A

pregnancy, neuro issues

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3
Q

what makes movement possible

A

bones along with muscle and cartilage

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4
Q

nervous system innervates

A

skeletal muscle - posture and movement
smooth muscle - digestive tract, bladder and blood vessels
cardiac muscle - contracts spontaneously

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5
Q

skeletal muscle movement is

A

spontaneous or involuntary (react to hot burner)
voluntary or intentional (pick up pen)

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6
Q

3 types of range of motion in joints

A

flexion, extension and hyperextension

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7
Q

abduction

A

away from body, like abduct a child is take it away

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8
Q

adduct

A

back towards the middle or body

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9
Q

rotation

A

twist, ex: turn the head

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10
Q

circumduction

A

putting your arm in circles

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11
Q

healthcare industry has the

A

worst rates of overexertion injuries among all US industries

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12
Q

how many overexertion injuries for every 10,000 full-time hospital workers

A

75 overexertion injuries

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13
Q

how many overexertion injuries for every 10,000 workers at a nursing or residential facility

A

107 overexertion injuries

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14
Q

hospital rates are nearly _____ the national average for all industries, and nursing homes are nearly ____ times as high

A

twice, three

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15
Q

nurses have the highest levels of _______ over other occupations

A

overexertion and bodily reaction injuries

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16
Q

what is the leading and most costly occupational health problem?

A

work-related musculoskeletal disorders

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17
Q

types of soft tissue damage

A

muscles
tendons
ligaments
joints
blood vessels
nerves
spinal discs

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18
Q

combination of risk factors - increase chances of issues

A

duration
frequency
intensity

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19
Q

ANA position

A

supports guidelines that eliminate all manual movement (want you to have a device that does it for you)

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20
Q

true or false: training nurses to use proper body mechanics alone will avoid injuries

A

false - person has to use those proper body mechanics as well

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21
Q

true or false: while lifting devices minimize risk, the risk of MSDs cannot be eliminated altogether.

A

true

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22
Q

true or false: studies have shown that patients feel more comfortable and secure when a mechanical transfer device is used.

A

true

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23
Q

true or false: it can actually take much longer to round up a team of colleagues to manually lift a patient than to find and use lifting equipment.

A

true

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24
Q

injuries - patient risk factors

A

weak/unable to help with transfers
unpredictable
vision or hearing loss
uncooperative
overweight
experiencing pain
poor communication

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25
injuries - nurse risk factors
previous injuries not trained properly not compliant with policies and procedures poor physical health sleep deprivation
26
injuries - task-related risk factors
reaching and lifting with loads far from the body lifting heavy loads twisting while lifting unexpected changes in load demand during lift reaching long duration
27
actions that will cause injuries
moving or carrying a load significant distance awkward posture pushing/pulling incorrectly completing activity with bed or chair at wrong height frequent/repeated lifting and moving
28
5 aspects that are the foundation of body mechanics
face the direction of movement body alignment center of gravity balance base of support
29
keep your center of gravity over a ____ base of support
wide
30
body mechanics principles
arrange for adequate help flex knees, keep feet wide apart keep back, neck, pelvis, feet aligned, avoid twisting tighten stomach muscles and pull butt in keep object close to self use arms and legs, not back use coordinated movements
31
activity orders
a doctor's order that defines the type and amount of activity a hospitalized patient may have
32
check the _____ _____ before getting a patient up
activity orders
33
BR or CBR
bed rest / complete bed rest
34
BR with BRP
bed rest with bathroom privileges
35
up ad lib
as patient wants to/desires
36
up as tolerated
as patient is able to tolerate
37
dangle
patient may sit and dangle their feet over the edge of the bed
38
up in chair with assist
patient may transfer from bed to chair with help
39
NWB
non-weight bearing
40
TDWB
touch-down weight bearing
41
TTWB
toe-touch weight bearing
42
WBAT
weight bearing as tolerated
43
FWB
full weight bearing
44
fall bundle - standard precautions
2 patient identifers (name and date of birth) bed locked in lowest position (for everyone, no exceptions) call light within reach room free of clutter belongings within reach bed locked in lowest position non-skid socks
45
fall bundle - moderate precautions
fall magnet yellow socks yellow gown
46
fall bundle - high precautions
door opened bed alarm/chair alarm
47
fall bundle
do not leave patients unattended in shower and do utilize shower shoes utilize gait belts for ambulation and other assistive devices as appropriate
48
high Fowler's
head of bed (HOB) 90 degrees - sitting up
49
Fowler's
head of bed (HOB) raised to angle of 45 degrees or more
50
semi-Fowler's
head of bed (HOB) raised to 30 degrees
51
Trendelenburg
entire bed tilted with head of bed down ex: for vertigo, low blood pressure, to avoid air embolism when taking out a central catheter contraindicated for high blood pressure because it would just add pressure to their heart
52
reverse Trendelenburg
entire bed tilted with foot of bed down
53
flat bed position
entire bed is horizontal to the floor
54
supine
laying flat on back
55
prone
laying flat on stomach
56
lateral
laying on side
57
lateral recumbent
laying on side with one leg higher than other ex: to give suppository to patient
58
orthopneic
sitting up hunched over pillows in front of them ex: if having trouble breathing
59
lithotomy
laying on back with knees up ex: for gynecological exam
60
how to manual lift
assess the weight of the patient get help bend at the knees use large muscles of legs instead of back to lift
61
use manual lifting as a ____ _____
last resort
62
consider these when moving patients
how capable is the patient? assistive devices needed? explain the transfer process does equipment function properly? bed in locked position
63
where does the gait belt go?
around the waist, below the belly button
64
stand on ____ side if injury related issue, on ____ side if neuro issue
strong side, weak side
65
does the thumb go up or down when holding the gait belt while the patient is walking?
thumbs up - because 4 fingers is stronger than thumb to have on the bottom
66
if the patient starts falling, you should
have a wide solid base, plant foot good extended and let them slide down, bend knees as they go down
67
using a slideboard
all side rails lowered, bed in highest position indicated best for everyone's body mechanics, brakes are locked, make sure everyone is ready (coordinate with nurses so everyone knows what they're doing), patient arms crossed on abdomen
68
use trapeze bar
alert patients can use to move up on the bed if ex: they have weakness in one leg
69
use hoyer lift
for patients with non-bearing status, not able to cooperate (really out of it) 2 people helping the patient
70
moving patients principles
use patient-handling equipment and devices arrange for adequate help raise bed to comfortable working height!! encourage patient to help as much as possible - cross arms and bend at the knee if possible use body mechanic principles coordinate the lift by counting to 3 use manual lift as last resort
71
ambulation
the ability to walk
72
gait
the manner of walking normal gait places body weight fully on each leg in turn head erect, spine is aligned, hip and knees have appropriate flexion and arms swing freely in alternation with legs
73
assisting with ambulation
evaluate the environment for safety
74
assisting with ambulation
evaluate the environment for safety obtain baseline blood pressure dangle patient if indicated support the patient at their waist return patient to chair/bed if c/o dizziness or experiences syncope episode support patient with hemiplegia or hemiparesis when in doubt, get help!!
75
assistive devices
canes - single straight-legged, quad cane crutches - axilla, forearm walker - standard, two-wheel, rollator
76
proper cane and height position
bend of elbow is 15 degrees
77
sizing crutches
2-3 finger width space between axilla and top of crutch prevents injury to brachial plexus nerves wrists should line up with grab bars when arms are relaxed when grasping handgrips, elbow flexion should be 15-30 degrees

IM1 Exam 1 (6 decks)

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