Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PDHPE > Body In Motion > Flashcards

Body In Motion Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of the skeletal system?

A

Framework > base to which muscles attach , help movement
Protection > protecting vital organs
Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the skeleton do?

A

Protects: Skull, ribs, brain , spinal cord

Is the base for attachment and helps muscle movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the long & short bones?

A

Act as a lever or to transfer forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of flat bones?

A

Protect vital organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What bones are in the appendicular system?

A

Shoulders, arms, hips, legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the location and role of the clavicle?

A

Long bone
Provides attachment between shoulder girdle and vertebral column
Greater mobility to shoulder during movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the scapula and its role?

A

Large triangular flat bone

Allows arm to attach to trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the humerus located and what is its role ?

A

Long bone in upper limb
Joins shoulder and elbow
Move in many directions & rotates the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the longer bone on the forearm ; and which finger side of the forearm is it found?

A

Ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What bone works with the ulna in the arm?

A

( Radius ) Long bone in upper limb; forearm

Works with Ulna to provide structure and allows it to rotate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the bones of the wrist and fingers and what are their roles?

A

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Role: Provide structure to the hand allowing it to perform fine motor movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does the pelvic girdle attach to & what is it’s purpose?

A

Attachment for lower limbs and muscles

Provides base for necessary support of weigh for the upper body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the femur located & what is it’s role?

A

Located on the upper leg, covered by large muscles that enable movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the bone used for protection of the kneecap

A

Kneecap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which bone is the fibula and what is it’s role

A

Works with tibia to support and stabilise lower leg joint & rotation of the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the bones of the ankles & which are short / long + what is their role

A

Tarsals, Metatarsals & Phalanges

T- short M & P - long

Provide structure that enables movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are fibrous joints ?

Give an example

A

Immovable joints that occur where no movement is possible.

E.g cranium which are fused lines called sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

Give an example

A

Slightly movable joints that permit limited movement

E.g Vertebral column- fibrous cartilage between discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are synovial joints

Provide an example

A

Freely movable joints that allow maximal movement

E.g Ball and socket in shoulders
Hinge in elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the flexion action & what does it do ?

A

Decreases the angle between the bones at joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the extension action & what does it do ?

A

Increases the angle between the bones at the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the dorsi flexion action and what does it do ?

A

Pulls the top of the foot towards the tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the plantar flexion action & what does it do ?

A

Extension of the ankle,moves the top of the foot from the tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the abduction action & what does it do ?

A

Movement of a body part away from the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the adduction action & what does it do ?

A

Movement of a body part towards the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the rotation action & what does it do ?

A

Moving body part around on its long axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the supination action & what does it do ?

A

Rotation of hand to face palm upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the pronation action & what does it do ?

A

Movement of the hand and forearm to face the palm downwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the eversion action & what does it do ?

A

Rotation of foot to make sole of foot face outwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the inversion action & what does it do ?

A

Rotation of foot to make sole of foot face inwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the circumduction action & what does it do ?

A

Circular movement of a body part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are ligaments and where do they connect to ?

A

Well-defined fibrous bands that connect to bones that require movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the purpose of ligaments ?

A

Designed to assist joints capsules to maintain stability in the joints by restraining excessive movement
Controlling the degree of movement that occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are tendons and what do they attach to?

A

Tough inelastic cords of tissue that attach muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the role of tendons

A

To further strengthen joints and assist ligaments to hold the joint closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is synovial fluid

A

Synovial fluid acts as a lubricant and keeps the joint well oiled and the moving surfaces apart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid in the synovial joints

A

Provide nutrition for the cartilage and carry away waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Does synovial fluid vary ?

A

Yes depending on amount and type of physical activity of the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the hyaline cartilage ?

A

Smooth shiny cartilage layer that allows bones to move freely over each other.
Is larger in the leg joint where fluid is greater weight bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where does the hyaline cartilage receive nourishment from?

A

Has a limited blood supply but receives nourishment from the synovial fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Movable joints that contain a lubricating joint called synovial fluid. They are predominant in limbs where mobility is more important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the relationship of the ligaments and muscles with the synovial joints?

A

The ligaments provide their stability and the muscles contract to produce movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Provide an example of synovial joints and a detailed explanation

A

Hinge joints: knee & elbow which allow movement alike to opening and closing hinge of a door

Ball and socket joints: hip & shoulder which are used whilst swinging arms and legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Describe the following directional terms:

Superior, Inferior, Anterior, Posterior, Medial, Lateral, Proximal, Distal

A 
Superior: Towards the head
Inferior: Towards the feet
Anterior: Towards the front
Posterior: Towards the back 
Medial: Towards the midline of the body 
Lateral: Away from the midline of the body 
Proximal: Towards the body's mass 
Distal: Away from the body's mass
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the role of the muscular system and what are it’s actions

A

The muscular systems role is to contract
It shortens causing joint movement
Relaxes as opposing muscles pull the joint back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Where is the origin of the muscle usually attached directly or indirectly to ?

A

Tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the prime mover causing the major action of the muscles

A

Agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Which muscle relaxes and lengthens

A

Antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the role of stabiliser muscles

A

Fixator muscles at a joint to stabilise it, give muscles a fixed base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Provide an example of an action for stabiliser muscles

A

Throwing; where shoulder muscles propel object, others act as stabilisers to allow efficient working and reducing the possibility of damaging joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the muscle contraction when the muscle shortens causing movement at a joint

A

Concentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What does an eccentric muscle contraction do?

A

Lengthens while under tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Explain the static muscle contraction & provide an example

A

Isometric

Muscle fibers are activated but the muscle length does not change, therefore movement does not change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Explain the types of muscles and their role/location

A

Skeletal : muscles attached to bones to help move the skeleton
Cardiac: Muscles to form the heart
Smooth: Muscles located on the walls of our internal structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system

A

Produce movement
Provide stabilisation
Generate heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Name 3 common problems associated with the respiratory system

A

Asthma
Emphysema
Lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Outline what the alveoli are made up of and their main role

A

The alveolis are made up of tiny little air sacs
They have thin walls and capillaries attached. Their main role is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide from the alveoli into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Describe what happens to the diaphragm and chest cavity during inspiration

A

Diaphragm contracts upwards and outwards during inspiration also flattens
Chest cavity increases and expands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system

A

Distribute blood containing oxygen and nutrients & collect wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What are the functions of blood

A

Transport oxygen and nutrients to tissue
Remove CO2 and waste
Protecting the body via the immune system & clot to prevent blood loss
Regulate body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is the role of plasma

A

Replenish tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is the role of red blood cells

A

Carry oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is the role of red blood cells

A

Make up immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is the role of platelets

A

Needed for clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What is the function of the heart ?

A

Muscular pump to keep blood circulating through the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is the atria ?

A

Receiving chamber of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What is the ventricle ?

A

Pumping chamber of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Explain the cardiac cycle

A

Diastole : Relaxation & filling stage

Systole: Contraction / pumping stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What is the pulse?

A

Expanding and contracting of arterial walls when pressurised blood is passing through the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What is the coronary circulation?

A

When the heart receives its own supply of blood from its own system of cardiac blood vessels that spread over the heart wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What is the function of the arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What do the arteries branch into ?

A

Arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What do the arterioles branch into?

A

Capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What is the function of capillaries

A

Link between the arteries and veins to exchange oxygen and nutrients for waste through a capillary exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Provide the function of veins?

A

Venules collect deoxygenated blood from the capillaries and transfer it to the veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What is pulmonary circulation

A

Carry deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated then back to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What is systemic circulation

A

Receiving and then carrying oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the entire body.

78
Q

What are the two phases of blood pressure?

A

Systolic - highest pressure record

Diastole - lowest pressure record

79
Q

What three things are blood pressure determined by?

A

Cardiac output
Volume of blood in circulation
Resistance to blood flow.

80
Q

What are the health relate components of physical fitness ?

A 
Cardiorespiratory endurance
Muscular strength 
Muscular endurance
Flexibility 
Body Composition
81
Q

What are the skill related components of physical fitness?

A

Power, speed, agility, coordination, balance, reaction time

82
Q

What terms relate to the heart and lungs supplying oxygen to the lungs and muscles

A

Cardiorespiratory endurance, stamina, aerobic fitness

83
Q

What is maximal oxygen uptake or VO2 max?

A

Maximum amount of oxygen capable of being supplied to the working muscles

84
Q

What does oxygen supply to the muscles do

A

Allows muscles to work for longer at high intensities to continue performing

85
Q

What is the measure of cardiorespiratory endurance and what is its effectiveness?

A

Shuttle beep test , measures the amount of oxygen individuals can uptake with a higher intensity level

86
Q

What is the resting heart rate?

A

72 bpm

87
Q

What health related component of fitness is this:

The force produced by muscles tested through speed of contractions, load, range of movement and condition of the muscles

A

Muscular strength

88
Q

What is absolute strength?

A

Maximum amount of force that can be applied in one single movememnt ( 1 RM )

89
Q

What is muscle hypertrophy?

A

Increasing strength leading to increase in muscles

90
Q

How would you measure muscular strength?

A

Dynamometer test

91
Q

What health related component of fitness measures how long various groups of muscle groups can continue to exert a force without stopping due to fatigue

A

Muscular endurance

92
Q

What test is used to measure muscular endurance?

A

Sit up tet

93
Q

What is flexibility?

A

Range of movement at one particular point

94
Q

What does flexibility depend on ?

A

Elasticity of muscles & connective tissue
Shape of the joint
Amount of surrounding tissues

95
Q

List 5 things flexibility helps with

A
  1. Preventing injury
  2. Improving posture
  3. Improve blood circulation
  4. Decrease chance of lower back pain later in life
  5. Strengthen the muscles if combined with isomeric exercise
96
Q

What does the sit and reach test for flexibility measure?

A

Elasticity > assesses lower back and hamstring flexibility

97
Q

What is body composition?

A

Percentage of body fat,bone , water and muscle in the human bodies

98
Q

What are essential fats

A

Fat acids that are essential to the body as they surround vital organs

99
Q

What can the absence of essential fats lead to ?

A

Chronic health problems because fat helps to protect insulate and absorb shock

100
Q

What are additional fats?

A

Storage fats that acts as a source of energy

101
Q

What are storage fats?

A

Used to fuel during times of rest and sleep and n extended periods of exercise when supplies of blood glucose are exhausted

102
Q

Why is the percentage of body composition bigger for women?

A

Because naturally they are child bearing

103
Q

What is an appropriate measure of body composition?

A

Skin fold assessment

104
Q

What is power ?

A

Ability to exert maximal force in quick bursts of energy

105
Q

What is a common method of measuring power

A

Vertical jump test

106
Q

What is speed and how can it be improved

A

How fast you can perform a task

Can be improved through reaction time , form, alignment, balance and utilisation of energy

107
Q

What is a measure of speed?

A

50 metre sprint

108
Q

What is the skill related component of fitness :

Ability to change direction quickly while on your feet whether you are standing or still in motion

A

Agility

109
Q

How is agility measured?

A

Illinois Agility run

110
Q

Define coordination.

A

Connection of the senses to produce efficient physical movements

111
Q

What are characteristics of good coordination

A

acquiring new movements readily, adapting quickly to new sports, less prone to injury

112
Q

What is a test for coordination

A

Alternate hand-wall toss

113
Q

What is balance?

What is the difference between static and dynamic balance

A

Ability to maintian equilibrium in stationary or moving positions

Static balance is maintained while the body is stationary whilst dynamic is moving

114
Q

What is a measure of balance?

A

Stork stand test

115
Q

What is reaction time?

A

Skill to respond quickly to visual or sound signal

116
Q

How do you measure reaction time?

A

Ruler Catch Test

117
Q

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic training?

A

Anaerobic training is muscular work taking place without oxygen being present for protracted periods of time
Whilst aerobic training is the presence of oxygen during low to moderate exercise

118
Q

Outline the components of the fitt principle

A

Frequency
Intensity
Type
Time

119
Q

How do you measure intensity in the fitt principle

A

Through the heart rate

120
Q

Give an example of anaerobic training

A

Sprinting > muscles respond instantly and exhaust any fuel reserves

121
Q

How do you improve aerobic training

A

practicing required movements to encourage correct adaptations
interval training

122
Q

What is heart rate ?

A

Number of times the heart beats per minute

123
Q

What does a low resting heart rate indicate?

A

Efficient cardiovascular system

124
Q

How is maximal heart rate achieved?

A

Exhaustive exercises

125
Q

What happens when an individual goes from an inactive to active state

A

Heart rate rises sharply

126
Q

What happens to a fit and unfit person during cessation of the exercise

A

The fit persons heart rate declines rapidly whilst an unfit person make take hours to return to a pre exercise state

127
Q

What is stroke volume

A

Volume of blood per beat of the heart

Amount of blood discharged from the heart

128
Q

What is stroke volume determined by

A

Ability to fill the ventricles by blood volume

Ability to empty the ventricles as a result of ventricular contractions

129
Q

What does an increase in stroke volume indicate?

A

Increase in the availability of oxygenated blood to their working muscles
More blood returning to the heart

130
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Volume of blood pumped by the heart each minute increasing with exercise intesnity

131
Q

What is cardiac output a combination of

A

Heart rate and stroke volume

132
Q

How is cardiac output calculated?

A

Heart rate X Stroke volume

133
Q

Define ventilation

A

Rate and depth of breathing

134
Q

Explain the two stages of ventilation

A

Inspiration : process of breathing air into lungs

Expiration: Expulsion of air from the lungs

135
Q

What causes a ventilation response?

A

Demand for oxygen by the muscle cells

136
Q

What happens to the ventilation rate when exercise begins ?

A

Ventilation intensifies, increase in oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide , elevated respiratory activity

137
Q

What is lactate

A

A salt formed from lactate acid that accumulates during intense aerobic activity

138
Q

How is lactate formed?

A

formed during the breakdown of carbohydrates because of demand of oxygen

139
Q

When exercising how is a burning sensation related to lactate levels?

A

Lactate levels would be increasing because of the demand for oxygen

140
Q

What is the lactate inflection point

A

Point beyond given power output that cannot be maintained. Characterised by lactic acid accumulation and decreased time to fatigue

141
Q

What is the relation of hydrogen to lactate levels

A

Hydrogen is responsible for increasing the acidity of blood and making it difficult for muscles to function properly

142
Q

What are the lactate levels at rest?

A

7.4 indicating slight alkalinity

143
Q

What are lactate levels?

A

ph value of blood which is affected by physical activityt

144
Q

What are the components of motion?

A
  • application of linear motion
  • velocity
  • speed
  • acceleration
  • moemntum in movement and performance contexts
145
Q

What is biomechanics?

A

Science concerned with force and the effect of forces on the human body

146
Q

What is motion and the two types of motion?

A

Movement of a body from one position to another,

Animate & inanimate

147
Q

What is linear motion and when does it take place?

A

Running in one direction

takes place when a body and all its parts travel the same distance in the same direction at the same speed

148
Q

Provide an example of linear motion?

A

Swimming or sprinting racing following a staight line from start to finish

149
Q

What is velocity

A

DIstance travelling and time taken to travel

150
Q

How do you calculate velocity ?

A

Displacement/ time taken

151
Q

What is displacement?

A

how far out of place an object is,overall change in position

152
Q

What is speed ? How is it measured?

A

How fast something/someone is

Measured through distance over time

153
Q

What is acceleration?

A

Rate of change which velocity changes in a given amojunt of time

154
Q

What does an increase & decrease in velocity indicate?

A 
increase = positive acceleration 
decrease = negative acceleration
155
Q

How is acceleration measured ?

A

change in velocity over the time interval

156
Q

What is momentum ?

A

Quantity of motion that a body possesses

157
Q

What is linear & angular momentum?

A 
Linear = object or person moving in a straight line 
Angular = when a body or an attachment is rotating
158
Q

How do you increase momentum?

A

By increasing velocity

159
Q

Define stability and balance

A

Stability: Resistance of a body to change in its equilibrium
Balance: When an individual can assume a stable position

160
Q

What is the centre of gravity?

A

Point at which all the weight is evenly distributed and about which the object is balanced.

161
Q

Explain components of the centre of gravity

A
  1. The greater the mass the stronger the attraction
    Centre of gravity does not need to lie within the physical limits of an object or person
    Height of the centre of gravity is relative to the base of support
162
Q

Provide an example to show the presence of the centre of gravity

A

Rugby player lowering their centre of gravity to maintain force and raising the centre of gravity of the other player to knock them off balance

163
Q

What is the line of gravity ?

A

Line drawn vertically down from the Centre of gravity

164
Q

What is the purpose of the line of gravity?

A

Indicating the direction that gravity is acting on the body

TO achieve balance over the base of support

165
Q

Provide an example to show the presence of the line of gravity

A

swimmers on the diving block bend forward which moves the line of gravity to the edge of the base of support lessening force required to execute the dive

166
Q

What is the base of support?

A

Imaginary area that surrounds the outside edge of the body when it is in contact with a surface

167
Q

What can increase the base of support

A

Moving feet apart

168
Q

Provide an example to show the use of the base of support

A

Wrester widening their base of support to prevent opponent from moving into a disadvantageous position

169
Q

What are fluid mechanics? ( possible 2 definitions )

A

Branch of mechanics concerned with properties of gases and liquids
Forces that operate in water or air environments which affect movement through water

170
Q

What is a buoyant force?

A

Upward force of an object produced by the fluid in which it is fully or partially submerged

171
Q

What is floatation?

A

Maintaining a stationary position on the surface of the water

172
Q

Define the centre of buoyancy

A

Centre of gravity of a volume of water displaced by an object when it is immersed in that water

173
Q

What happens when a body is fully submerged

A

Centre of buoyancy falls directly above the swimmers centre of gravity

174
Q

What happens during an attempt to float

A

gravity pulls the body downwards whilst the buoyant force will push the chest and upper body upwards leading to the body rotating until the centre of mass lies directly below the centre of buoyancy

175
Q

What is drag?

A

Force that opposes the forward motion of abody, reducing its speed or velocity

176
Q

What is lift?

A

Occurs perpendicular to the flow of the water over the body when swimming

177
Q

What happens when a body or object moves ?

A

Exerts a force and at the same time experiences a resisting force from that medium

178
Q

List 3 advancement in fluid techniques or technology and explain its effectiveness

A

1 . Video analysis enables athletes to be filmed from different angles, this allows them to develop better techniques as they can assess their strokes

  1. Touch pads are electronic timing devices that create accuracy with recording of athlete time and elimination of human error
  2. Swimming tumble turn: can reduce the drag in turning in a race which reduces the time taken to finish the race
179
Q

What is force?

A

Push pull twist acting on a body

180
Q

What are internal forces..Provide an example

A

forces developed within the body e.g contraction of a muscle group causing the shortening of joint angle

181
Q

What are exernal forces…provide an example

A

forces coming from outside the body that act on it in one way or another
e.g gravity preventing object from leaving the ground

182
Q

What needs to be developed to propel your body ?

A

Power

183
Q

What does newton’s first law of motion indicate

A

If there is no force acted on an object there will be no movement

184
Q

What does newtons second law of motion idnicate

A

When a mass increases, more force needs to be applied to acquire the same acceleration

185
Q

What does newtons third law indicate… give an example

A

For every action there is an opposite reaction

E.gWhen an individual lands in long jump, the knees bend in order to absorb the shock

186
Q

Indicate three ways the body absorbs force and provide an example for each method

A

Surface Area… someone standing on a foot with stilleto heels will hurt more than a person wearing flat broad heels
Changing impact..boxer turning hi head to receive a glancing blow
Distributing forces…controlled landing by beinding at hips knees and ankles after a somersault to absorb shock

187
Q

How can force be applied to an object

A

Quantity
Weight
Greater mass = greater force

188
Q

What does the application of quantity to on abject do?

A

The greater a force.. the greater its acceleration

189
Q

What does the application of weigh to an object do?

A

if mass is increased the more force is needed to move the object the same distance

190
Q

What does an object with a greater mass require?

A

More force in order to move them.

191
Q

What are centripetal forces?

A

Forces directed towards the centre of a rotating body

192
Q

What are centrifugal forces?

A

Forces directed ouwards

PDHPE (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions