Body Imaging Flashcards
What factors about abdominal imaging makes it considered somewhat limited?
limited due to motion artifacts, inconsistent breathing and long acquisition times.
What is the mandatory sequence used in MRI abdomen?
T1 weighted IN AND OUT of phase, usually axials.
Why is in and out phase sequences so helpful for abdominal imaging?
they are good at evaluating fatty/high lipid content masses such as fatty livers and adrenal ademonas.
T1 weighted, Spoiled Gradient Echo sequences with Fat Suppression
with scan times short enough to acquire in a single breath hold are preferred. Why is that?
malignancies tend to fill quickly with rapid injection of IV contrast compared to benign structures
How come when doing an MRCP, the liver, kidneys, spleen and bowel are seen as well?
that’s because MRCPs use REALLY long TE’s to visualize fluid, and these tend to suppress backround tissue
a tumor found in a pediatric patient’s kidney, is likely called a ??
Wilm’s tumor
What is another word for a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor?
islet cell tumors
What is the first branch of the abdominal aorta?
celiac or sma?
Celiac
The celiac branch of the aorta branches off into what other arteries?
gastric hepatic and splenic
The hepatic portal vein is a vessel that drains blood from the GI tract and spleen to feed what organ?
liver
The portal vein is formed by what vessels?
splenic vein
SMA
IMA
and gastric vein
When you’re scanning someone for “hemosiderin” (yellowish protein that contains iron), what type of imaging is best for this?
T2* Gradient Echo sequence.
If a patient has an abnormal accumulation of iron or hemochromatosis, what type of imaging would we do?
T2* Gradient echo
these are good for detecting iron deposit susceptibilities and appear hypointense.
If a patient has Crohns disease, what type of imaging would we do?
MR Enterography using contrast and anti-peristalsis agents to reduce bowel movement.
Where is the prostate gland located?
posterior and inferior to the bladder in a male.
For male pelvis exams, we use a ___ FOV, ____ resolution, and what type of weighted image (t2 or t1?)
PROSTATE :
SMALL FIELD OF VIEW
HIGH RESOLUTION
T2 WEIGHTED
What is a landmark radiologist use for prostate images?
the puboprostatic ligament
What is the innermost lining of the uterus called?
endometrium
What is the best imaging plane for a FEMALE pelvis?
sag, coronal or ax?
SAGITTAL.
Can breast MRI detect microcalcifications?
no, which is not good bc most breast cancers are associated with microcalcs.
If someone has DENSE breast tissue, they might likely need a breast MRI.
True or false and why?
True, because MRI is good at differenciating tumors in dense tissue whereas ultrasound/mammo is not.
MRI is the primary imaging to evaluate for breast implant ruptures.
True or False and why?
True because of its superior soft tissue imaging capabilities
Fat suppression in breast MRI is CRUCIAL.
True or False
True.
When scanning for a breast MRI for implant rupture, we need a ___FOV, and a ___ orientation.
Small or large
sag, ax, coron?
BREAST IMPLANT RUPTURE
SMALL FIELD OF VIEW
SAGITTAL.
What is the second branch off of the abdominal aorta?
SMA
The common iliacs join together to form the ____
IVC
A disease that is characterized by narrowing of the aorta is called an
aortic coarctation
occasionally abbreviated CoA: Coarctation of Aorta
Why do we do “subtraction” in MRA?
its a method that reduces signal from the backround tissues, which increases the vascular contrast and detail.
An MRA Runoff of the Lower Extremities would require coverage to include the iliac
bifurcation down to and including the dorsalis pedis artery.
true
What is an aortic dissection?
its a tear of the innermost layer of the thoracic or abdominal aorta.
The anterior tibial artery leads into the _____ pedis artery
Dorsal pedis artery.
What is the major bifurcation of the abdominal aorta?
the right and left common iliac arteries.
the ________ is a small vein whose function is to drain the posterior abdominal and thoracic wall.
Azygos vein
A patient presenting with an elevated PSA would have a study with attention to which organ?
Prostate
is used as an anti-peristalsis agent in MR Enterography procedures.
Glucagon
