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FBS1 physiology > body fluids and blood > Flashcards

body fluids and blood Flashcards

1
Q

% and litres that make up intracellular space within total body water TBW

A

40% - 28L

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2
Q

how much is TBWin L of lean tissue/kg and how does fat affect it

A

42L
0.71/Kg
more fat, less water

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3
Q

% and L of interstitial space

A

15% TBW

10.5L

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4
Q

% and L of plasma space

A

5%, 3.5L

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5
Q

L of extracellular space

A

14L

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6
Q

list other fluid compartments - transcellular fluids

A 
CSF (150ml)
Aqueous and vitreous humors of the eye
synovial fluid
amniotic fluid
GI tract secretions
lymph
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7
Q

how can we measure fluid compartments - dilution method?

A

V = S/C

add known amount of substance (S) to unknown volume (V), C=grams per litre

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8
Q

what substances can be used in measuring fluid compartments - plasma volume?

A

not metabolised quickly, non-toxic, distrivutes

  • does not cross capillaries
  • large size, Evans blue, labeled Inulin, albumin
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9
Q

what substances can be used in measuring fluid compartments - ECS

A
  • does not enter cells easily

- 24Na, sucrose

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10
Q

what substances can be used in measuring fluid compartments - TBW

A
  • distributes with all water

- 3H2O

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11
Q

how do we derive interstitial space and intracellular space?

A 
interstitial = ECS-plasma vol
intracellular = TBW - ECS
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12
Q

major constituents of body fluids

A
  • ions in solution: cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and anions (Cl, HCO3, PO4)
  • proteins
  • dissolved gases, nutrients, metabolites
  • cells in blood
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13
Q

ionic composition of ECF and ICF

A
  • Na, Cl and K major ions - determine osmolarity
  • concentrations of Na, K and Ca differ a lot (members potential, signalling) but osmolarity must be equal in ICF and ECF
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14
Q

how is one unit osmole described

A

6.022 x 10^23 entities = 1 mole

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15
Q

differne between osmolarity and osmolality

A 
osmolaRity = 1 osmole (mosm) per litre
osmolaLity = 1 osmole per Kg
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16
Q

relationship of osmoles to pressure

A

1 osmle in 22.4 litres exerts 70mmHg

1 osmole/litre exerts >17,000mmHg

17
Q

osmolarity of plasma

A

290 mosmol/litre

18
Q

difference between crystalloid and oncotic osmotic pressure

A

crystalloid due to small diffusable ions e.g.Na, Cland K.
oncotic(or colloidal): pressure exerted by proteins (do not cross capillary walls) - 25mmHg
[protein]=70g/L

19
Q

plasma ionic compositions?**

A

Na=140mmol/l
K=4mmol/l
Ca=2mmol/l

Cl=110
bicarbonate=24

20
Q

intracellular ionic compositions

A

Na=10mmol/l
K=120mmol/l
Ca=100nmol/l

amino acids, Cl, proteins etc

21
Q

composition of plasma proteins and functions

A

total=70g/litre

  • albumin: 48g/l: plasma oncotic pressure, transport, puffering pG
  • a, B and gamma globulins (0.7-13g/l each): haemostasis, transport, immune system
  • fibrinogen (3g/l): haemostasis
22
Q

blood cell composition

A

erythrocytes (RBC)
leucocytes (WBC)
platelets

23
Q

erythrocytes life span

A

lifespan - 120 days

24
Q

RBC count in M and F

A

male=5.5 x 10^12 per litre

female - 4.8

25
Q

amount of haemoglobin I RBC (M&F)

A

male - 160g

f - 140g/litre

26
Q

what is anaemia

A

low Hb
low RBCC
low Hb per cell
defective Hb

27
Q

types of leucocytes and composition

A

-lymphocytes (20-40%)
-monocytes (2-8%)
-granulocytes:
neutrophils (50-70%)
eosinophils (1-4%)
basophils (0.5%)

28
Q

total WBCC

A

4-11 x 10^9/litre

29
Q

role of different WBC

A
  • lympho: produce immunogobulins
  • monocytes: migrate to tissues, form macrophages
    neutrophils: chemotacic, phagosytosis
  • eosinophils: phagocytosis, allergy
    basophils: release histamine and heparin (similar to tissue mast cells)
30
Q

describe platelets

A 
total: 150-400 x 10^9/litre
haemostasis
no nucleos
contain dense granules
change shape, release granules and stick together when activated

FBS1 physiology (10 decks)

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