Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Microscopy (Elsevier) > Body Fluids > Flashcards

Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

Site where CSF circulate

A

📍arachnoid space of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Site of reabsorption of CSF

A

Arachnoid granules of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood brain barrier that protect the brain

A

Tight fitting endothelial cells in the choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CSF Tube #1

A

Clinical Chemistry/Immunology (less affected by bacterial contamination from spinal tap)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CSF Tube #2

A

Microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CSF Tube #3

A

Hematology (less cell contamination)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CSF Tube #4 (four tube distribution)

A

Hematology (In comparison with tube one for possible outside interference from the tap)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CSF Tube #1 (four tube distrib)

A

Hematology (in comparison with cell from puncture with cells in the 4th tube)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tube #2 (four tube distrib)

A

Clinical Chem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tube #3 (4TD)

A

Microbiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Allowable hour/s to stand the CSF

A

1hr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adult CSF WBC count for adults

A

0-5 /muL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T or F: Babies have slightly lower counts and less monocytes in CSF

A

False: Babies have slightly higher WBC count and more monocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CSF counting is performed by:

A

Using Neubauer counting chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Formula for CSF counting

A

of cells counted x dilution / # of sq. counter x vol of 1 sq.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reagent use to lyse RBC in CSF

A

Percent glacial acetic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

To ensure adequate number of cells for evaluation

A

Concentration by cytocentrifugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Normal value of CSF Protein

A

15-45 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Protein found ONLY in CSF

A

t Transferrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Clinical significance: Elevated CSF

A

Damage to the bbb, multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Clinical significance: Decreased CSF

A

CSF Leakage and trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Detects damage to the BBB.

A

CSF serum/albumin index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Formula of CSF serum/albumin

A

CSF Albumin (mg/dL) / Serum Albumin (mg/dL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Normal value of CSF IgG index

A

0.70 or lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Detect production of IgG within the CNS

A

CSF IgG index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CSF electrophoresis primary testing

A

Multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Multiple sclerosis results in CSF electrophoresis

A

Two or more bands are seen in the CSF and no bands on the serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Destruction of myelin sheath protein

A

Presence of myelin basic protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Normal value CSF glucose

A

60-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Helpful in the differentiation of types of meningitis

A

Glucose CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

T or F: Decrease level of CSF glucose indicate damage to transport of glucose to BBB.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Increased when there is tx destruction caused by lack of oxygen

A

CSF Lactate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

CSF lactate normal value

A

25 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Differentiates meningitis organisms

A

CSF Lactate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Normal value of CSF Glutamine

A

8-18 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Increased glutamine indicates

A

⬆️ Ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Value of __ mg/dL disrupts consciousness

A

35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Elevated values of CSF glutamine are seen in

A

Reye’s Snyndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Produces starburst Gram stain pattern

A

Crytococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Four components of semen

A

📍Spermatozoa
📍Seminal Fluid
📍Prostate fluid
📍Bulbourethral gland fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Germ cell

A

Spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Nutrients and fructose for sperm energy

A

Seminal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

For coagulation and liquefaction

A

Prostate fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Alkaline mucus to neutralize acidity of prostate and vagina

A

Bulbourethral gland fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Days of abstinence before sperm collection

A

2-3 days but not more than 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Temperature for sperm

A

Room temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Sperm spx should be delivered to the lab within

A

1 hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Normal appearance of sperm

A

Grayish-white, translucent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Toxic to sperm

A

Urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Fresh semen

A

Clotted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Normal liquefaction

A

30-60 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Indication of abnormal liquefaction

A

Prostate enzyme deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Semen normal volume

A

2-5 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

T or F: Normal viscosity of the sperm form discrete droplets from a pipette

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

T or F: Decreased viscosity and abrupt liquefaction impedes sperm motility

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Normal pH of sperm

A

7.3-8.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Indicates infection in sperm

A

⬆️ pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Increased prostatic fluid

A

⬇️ pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Normal sperm concentration

A

> 20 million/mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Medium used to count sperm

A

Counting chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

T or F: in performing sperm count, diluting fluid is necessary to immobilize the sperm

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Sperm count must be corrected from microliter to

A

Milliliter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

T or F: Spermatids and WBCs are counted together

A

False (separately)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

1 million WBCs in sperm count indicates

A

Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Sperm count formula

A

No. Of sperm per mL x spx. volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Contains the acrosome with enzymes for ovum penetration

A

Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Attaches the head to the neck to the midpiece

A

Neck piece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Contains mitochondria to provide energy for the tail

A

Midpiece

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Stain used in sperm smear

A

Eosin-nigrosin

70
Q

Sperm that absorbs the stain is called

A

Nonviable sperm

71
Q

Nonviable sperm would appear

A

Red

72
Q

T or F: viable sperm takes the color of the stain

A

False

73
Q

Fluid found in moveable joints

A

Synovial fluid

74
Q

Large molecules that produces the viscosity of synovial fluid

A

Hyaluronic acid

75
Q

Synoviocytes produce

A

Hyaluronic acid

76
Q

Damage to the joint produces

A

Arthritis

77
Q

Color of synovial fluid

A

Colorless to pale yellow

78
Q

Detects and measures hyaluronic acid

A

Mucin clot

79
Q

Reagent to confirm whether a spx is synovial fluid

A

Acetic acid

80
Q

Synovial fluid dilliting agent

A

NSS

81
Q

Normal WBC count in Synovial fluid

A

200 cells/muL

82
Q

T or F: Synovial fluid is incubated with acetic acid before slide preparation

A

False (incubated with hyaluronidase)

83
Q

Synovial fluids: Primary cells

A

📍Monocytes

📍Macrophage

84
Q

Primary crystals in Synovial fluid

A

📍 Monosodium urate

📍calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

85
Q

Synovial Fluid: Monosodium urate are seen in

A

Gout

86
Q

Synovial Fluid: calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

A

Pseudogout

87
Q

Synovial Fluid: needle shaped, strongly bifringent under polarized light

A

Monosodium urate

88
Q

Color of monosodium urate crystal aligned under slow vibration of polarized light

A

Yellow

89
Q

Color of Monosodium urate when vertical to the slow vibration

A

Blue

90
Q

Crystal seen intracellularly in neutrophil vacuoles, rhombus shape

A

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

91
Q

Color of CPD crystals aligned under slow vibration

A

Blue

92
Q

Color of CPD when vertical to the slow vibration

A

Yellow

93
Q

Possible species seen in synovial fluid

A

📍Haemophilus sp.

📍N. gonorrhoeae

94
Q

Fluid found in between the parietal and visceral membranes

A

Serous fluid

95
Q

Disruption of process in serous fluid Reabsorption produces

A

Effusion

96
Q

Effusions caused by systemic disorders

A

Transudates

97
Q

Effusion caused by membrane disorders

A

Exudates

98
Q

Manner of collection of Pleural fluid

A

Thorocentesis

99
Q

Thoracic duct leakage and chronic infection give a pleural fluid appearance of

A

Milky

100
Q

Hemothorax and hemorrahgic effusion give an appearance of

A

Bloody

101
Q

Viscous pleural fluid indicates

A

Malignant mesothelioma producing hyaluronic acid

102
Q

Pleural fluid: ⬆️ amount of Neutrophil

A

Peumonia and pancreatitis

103
Q

Synovial fluid: indicates presence of TB and viral infections

A

Lymphocytes

104
Q

Synovial fluid: indicates presence of Pneumothorax

A

Eosinophil

105
Q

Synovial fluid: it is ⬇️ with TB

A

Mesothelial cells

106
Q

Synovial fluid: Tuberculosis

A

Plasma cells

107
Q

pH that indicates the need for chest tube drainage

A

pH 7.0

108
Q

pH that indicates esophageal rupture

A

pH 6.0

109
Q

Pleural fluid cholesterol: transudate

A

45-60 mg/dL

110
Q

Procedure done with pleural fluid in microbiology

A

Acid fast stain

111
Q

Manner of collection of pericardial fluid

A

Pericardiocentesis

112
Q

Pericadial fluid: indicates bacterial endocarditis

A

Neutrophil

113
Q

Peritoneal fluid often called

A

Ascitic fluid

114
Q

Peritoneal fluid effusion

A

Ascites

115
Q

Causes of Effusion

A

📍liver disorders
📍intestinal infection
📍malignancy

116
Q

Recommended method of differentiation of peritoneal fluid

A

Serum-ascites albumin gradient

117
Q

PeritFluid: ascite albumin level of >1.1

A

Transudate

118
Q

PeritFluid: Serum ascite albumin

A

Exudate

119
Q

Turbid peritoneal fluid indicates

A

Infection

120
Q

Color of Peritoneal fluid that has a gallbladder or pancreas disorder

A

Green

121
Q

Color of Perit. Fluid that indicates trauma, infection or malignancy

A

Blood-streaked

122
Q

Appearance of peritoneal fluid that indicates lymphatic trauma or blockage

A

Milky

123
Q

Normal WBC count of peritoneal fluid

A

350/muL

124
Q

Where is CSF formed

A

Choroid plexuses

125
Q

> 250 neutrophils/uL indicates ________ in PeriF

A

Peritonitis

126
Q

⬇️ glucose in peritoneal fluid indicates

A

Infection and malignancy

127
Q

Elevated in peritoneal fluid in impending pancreatitis or GI perforation

A

Amylase

128
Q

Elevated in intestinal perforation (Peritoneal fluid)

A

Alkaline phosphatase

129
Q

Manner of collection of amniotic fluid

A

Amniocentesis

130
Q

T or F: HDn spx must be protected from light

A

True

131
Q

Amniotic fluid: These spx are delivered on ice

A

Fetal Lung Maturity

132
Q

Amniotic fluid: Spx of this test is kept in room temperature

A

Cytogenic test

133
Q

Amniotic fluid that is dark green in color indicates

A

Meconium

134
Q

T or F: A dark red-brown appearance of Amniotic fluid indicates fetal death

A

True

135
Q

Spectrophotometric measurement for AF of HDN

A

365-550 nm

136
Q

Abnormal value of AF.

A

2x the lab median value in both serum and fluid

137
Q

Time of measurement of Amniotic fluid

A

12-15 gestational weeks

138
Q

Positive tests for Amniotic fluid followed by measuring the

A

Amniotic acetylcholinesterase

139
Q

Causes respiratory distress syndrome

A

⬇️ lung surfactant

140
Q

Primary lung surfactants

A

📍lecithin
📍sphyngomyelin
📍phosphatidylglycerol

141
Q

Storage form of phospholipid in the lungs

A

Lamellar bodies

142
Q

Optical density measurement of the lamellar bodies

A

650 nm of 0.150

143
Q

Diarrhea that is caused bt bacterial, viral or protozoan infection

A

Secretory

144
Q

Diarrhea caused by incomplete breakdown or reabsorption in the small intestine

A

Osmotic

145
Q

Causes the brown color of stool

A

Urobilin

146
Q

Causes black coloration in stool

A

GI bleeding, iron therapy and antacid

147
Q

Color of stool that Indicates lower GI bleeding and food coloring

A

Red

148
Q

Indicates bile obstruction or steatorrhea

A

Pale yellow/white

149
Q

Presence if colitis, dysentry, malignancy in the stool

A

Blood streaked mucus

150
Q

Its presence indicates the presence of non-toxin producing organisms

A

Fecal leukocyte

151
Q

Undigested fibers seen with pancreatic insufficiency

A

Muscle fibers

152
Q

Monitoring of malabsorption disorders

A

Qualitative fats

153
Q

Stain easily with Sudan III in alcohol

A

Neutral fats

154
Q

Screening for colorectal cancer

A

Fecal Occult Blood test

155
Q

Positive result for FOBT

A

Blue

156
Q

Indicator used in FOBT

A

Gum guiac

157
Q

Principle of FOBT

A

Pseudoperoxidase

158
Q

Uses antihuman hemoglobin antibodies specific for globin portion of hgb

A

Immnunologic FOBTS

159
Q

T or F: blood from upper GI bleeding can be detected by FOBT

A

False (Upper GI bleeding is degraded easily)

160
Q

Indicative of colorectal cancer

A

Lower GI Bleeding

161
Q

Number of samples to confirm a (-) result in FOBT

A

3 samples

162
Q

Sample used in FOBT

A

Middle of the stool

163
Q

Requires collection of a timed 3 day stool spx & a maintenance of 100 g/day of fats

A

Quantitative fecal fats

164
Q

Enzyme that differentiates pancreatic steatorrhea from non pancreatic stea.

A

Elastase 1

165
Q

T or F: ⬆️ fecal carbs are caused by failure to reabsorb carbs or lack of digestive enzymes

A

True

166
Q

Most common test for fecal carbs

A

Clinitest

167
Q

Second test for fecal carbs

A

Intolerance test

168
Q

pH indicative of carbs disorders

A

⬇️ 5.5

169
Q

Normal pH of stool

A

pH 7-8

170
Q

Normal value of sperm

A

75% normal sperm per 100 cells countes

Clinical Microscopy (Elsevier) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions