Body Fluids Flashcards
1
Q
Site where CSF circulate
A
📍arachnoid space of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
2
Q
Site of reabsorption of CSF
A
Arachnoid granules of the brain
3
Q
Blood brain barrier that protect the brain
A
Tight fitting endothelial cells in the choroid plexus
4
Q
CSF Tube #1
A
Clinical Chemistry/Immunology (less affected by bacterial contamination from spinal tap)
5
Q
CSF Tube #2
A
Microbiology
6
Q
CSF Tube #3
A
Hematology (less cell contamination)
7
Q
CSF Tube #4 (four tube distribution)
A
Hematology (In comparison with tube one for possible outside interference from the tap)
8
Q
CSF Tube #1 (four tube distrib)
A
Hematology (in comparison with cell from puncture with cells in the 4th tube)
9
Q
Tube #2 (four tube distrib)
A
Clinical Chem
10
Q
Tube #3 (4TD)
A
Microbiology
11
Q
Allowable hour/s to stand the CSF
A
1hr
12
Q
Adult CSF WBC count for adults
A
0-5 /muL
13
Q
T or F: Babies have slightly lower counts and less monocytes in CSF
A
False: Babies have slightly higher WBC count and more monocyte
14
Q
CSF counting is performed by:
A
Using Neubauer counting chamber
15
Q
Formula for CSF counting
A
of cells counted x dilution / # of sq. counter x vol of 1 sq.
16
Q
Reagent use to lyse RBC in CSF
A
Percent glacial acetic acid
17
Q
To ensure adequate number of cells for evaluation
A
Concentration by cytocentrifugation
18
Q
Normal value of CSF Protein
A
15-45 mg/dL
19
Q
Protein found ONLY in CSF
A
t Transferrin
20
Q
Clinical significance: Elevated CSF
A
Damage to the bbb, multiple sclerosis
21
Q
Clinical significance: Decreased CSF
A
CSF Leakage and trauma
22
Q
Detects damage to the BBB.
A
CSF serum/albumin index
23
Q
Formula of CSF serum/albumin
A
CSF Albumin (mg/dL) / Serum Albumin (mg/dL)
24
Q
Normal value of CSF IgG index
A
0.70 or lower
25
Detect production of IgG within the CNS
CSF IgG index
26
CSF electrophoresis primary testing
Multiple sclerosis
27
Multiple sclerosis results in CSF electrophoresis
Two or more bands are seen in the CSF and no bands on the serum
28
Destruction of myelin sheath protein
Presence of myelin basic protein
29
Normal value CSF glucose
60-70%
30
Helpful in the differentiation of types of meningitis
Glucose CSF
31
T or F: Decrease level of CSF glucose indicate damage to transport of glucose to BBB.
True
32
Increased when there is tx destruction caused by lack of oxygen
CSF Lactate
33
CSF lactate normal value
25 mg/dL
34
Differentiates meningitis organisms
CSF Lactate
35
Normal value of CSF Glutamine
8-18 mg/dL
36
Increased glutamine indicates
⬆️ Ammonia
37
Value of __ mg/dL disrupts consciousness
35
38
Elevated values of CSF glutamine are seen in
Reye's Snyndrome
39
Produces starburst Gram stain pattern
Crytococcus neoformans
40
Four components of semen
📍Spermatozoa
📍Seminal Fluid
📍Prostate fluid
📍Bulbourethral gland fluid
41
Germ cell
Spermatozoa
42
Nutrients and fructose for sperm energy
Seminal fluid
43
For coagulation and liquefaction
Prostate fluid
44
Alkaline mucus to neutralize acidity of prostate and vagina
Bulbourethral gland fluid
45
Days of abstinence before sperm collection
2-3 days but not more than 5 days
46
Temperature for sperm
Room temp
47
Sperm spx should be delivered to the lab within
1 hour
48
Normal appearance of sperm
Grayish-white, translucent
49
Toxic to sperm
Urine
50
Fresh semen
Clotted
51
Normal liquefaction
30-60 min
52
Indication of abnormal liquefaction
Prostate enzyme deficiency
53
Semen normal volume
2-5 mL
54
T or F: Normal viscosity of the sperm form discrete droplets from a pipette
True
55
T or F: Decreased viscosity and abrupt liquefaction impedes sperm motility
False
56
Normal pH of sperm
7.3-8.0
57
Indicates infection in sperm
⬆️ pH
58
Increased prostatic fluid
⬇️ pH
59
Normal sperm concentration
>20 million/mL
60
Medium used to count sperm
Counting chamber
61
T or F: in performing sperm count, diluting fluid is necessary to immobilize the sperm
True
62
Sperm count must be corrected from microliter to
Milliliter
63
T or F: Spermatids and WBCs are counted together
False (separately)
64
1 million WBCs in sperm count indicates
Infection
65
Sperm count formula
No. Of sperm per mL x spx. volume
66
Contains the acrosome with enzymes for ovum penetration
Head
67
Attaches the head to the neck to the midpiece
Neck piece
68
Contains mitochondria to provide energy for the tail
Midpiece
69
Stain used in sperm smear
Eosin-nigrosin
70
Sperm that absorbs the stain is called
Nonviable sperm
71
Nonviable sperm would appear
Red
72
T or F: viable sperm takes the color of the stain
False
73
Fluid found in moveable joints
Synovial fluid
74
Large molecules that produces the viscosity of synovial fluid
Hyaluronic acid
75
Synoviocytes produce
Hyaluronic acid
76
Damage to the joint produces
Arthritis
77
Color of synovial fluid
Colorless to pale yellow
78
Detects and measures hyaluronic acid
Mucin clot
79
Reagent to confirm whether a spx is synovial fluid
Acetic acid
80
Synovial fluid dilliting agent
NSS
81
Normal WBC count in Synovial fluid
200 cells/muL
82
T or F: Synovial fluid is incubated with acetic acid before slide preparation
False (incubated with hyaluronidase)
83
Synovial fluids: Primary cells
📍Monocytes
| 📍Macrophage
84
Primary crystals in Synovial fluid
📍 Monosodium urate
| 📍calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
85
Synovial Fluid: Monosodium urate are seen in
Gout
86
Synovial Fluid: calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
Pseudogout
87
Synovial Fluid: needle shaped, strongly bifringent under polarized light
Monosodium urate
88
Color of monosodium urate crystal aligned under slow vibration of polarized light
Yellow
89
Color of Monosodium urate when vertical to the slow vibration
Blue
90
Crystal seen intracellularly in neutrophil vacuoles, rhombus shape
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
91
Color of CPD crystals aligned under slow vibration
Blue
92
Color of CPD when vertical to the slow vibration
Yellow
93
Possible species seen in synovial fluid
📍Haemophilus sp.
| 📍N. gonorrhoeae
94
Fluid found in between the parietal and visceral membranes
Serous fluid
95
Disruption of process in serous fluid Reabsorption produces
Effusion
96
Effusions caused by systemic disorders
Transudates
97
Effusion caused by membrane disorders
Exudates
98
Manner of collection of Pleural fluid
Thorocentesis
99
Thoracic duct leakage and chronic infection give a pleural fluid appearance of
Milky
100
Hemothorax and hemorrahgic effusion give an appearance of
Bloody
101
Viscous pleural fluid indicates
Malignant mesothelioma producing hyaluronic acid
102
Pleural fluid: ⬆️ amount of Neutrophil
Peumonia and pancreatitis
103
Synovial fluid: indicates presence of TB and viral infections
Lymphocytes
104
Synovial fluid: indicates presence of Pneumothorax
Eosinophil
105
Synovial fluid: it is ⬇️ with TB
Mesothelial cells
106
Synovial fluid: Tuberculosis
Plasma cells
107
pH that indicates the need for chest tube drainage
pH 7.0
108
pH that indicates esophageal rupture
pH 6.0
109
Pleural fluid cholesterol: transudate
45-60 mg/dL
110
Procedure done with pleural fluid in microbiology
Acid fast stain
111
Manner of collection of pericardial fluid
Pericardiocentesis
112
Pericadial fluid: indicates bacterial endocarditis
Neutrophil
113
Peritoneal fluid often called
Ascitic fluid
114
Peritoneal fluid effusion
Ascites
115
Causes of Effusion
📍liver disorders
📍intestinal infection
📍malignancy
116
Recommended method of differentiation of peritoneal fluid
Serum-ascites albumin gradient
117
PeritFluid: ascite albumin level of >1.1
Transudate
118
PeritFluid: Serum ascite albumin
Exudate
119
Turbid peritoneal fluid indicates
Infection
120
Color of Peritoneal fluid that has a gallbladder or pancreas disorder
Green
121
Color of Perit. Fluid that indicates trauma, infection or malignancy
Blood-streaked
122
Appearance of peritoneal fluid that indicates lymphatic trauma or blockage
Milky
123
Normal WBC count of peritoneal fluid
350/muL
124
Where is CSF formed
Choroid plexuses
125
> 250 neutrophils/uL indicates ________ in PeriF
Peritonitis
126
⬇️ glucose in peritoneal fluid indicates
Infection and malignancy
127
Elevated in peritoneal fluid in impending pancreatitis or GI perforation
Amylase
128
Elevated in intestinal perforation (Peritoneal fluid)
Alkaline phosphatase
129
Manner of collection of amniotic fluid
Amniocentesis
130
T or F: HDn spx must be protected from light
True
131
Amniotic fluid: These spx are delivered on ice
Fetal Lung Maturity
132
Amniotic fluid: Spx of this test is kept in room temperature
Cytogenic test
133
Amniotic fluid that is dark green in color indicates
Meconium
134
T or F: A dark red-brown appearance of Amniotic fluid indicates fetal death
True
135
Spectrophotometric measurement for AF of HDN
365-550 nm
136
Abnormal value of AF.
2x the lab median value in both serum and fluid
137
Time of measurement of Amniotic fluid
12-15 gestational weeks
138
Positive tests for Amniotic fluid followed by measuring the
Amniotic acetylcholinesterase
139
Causes respiratory distress syndrome
⬇️ lung surfactant
140
Primary lung surfactants
📍lecithin
📍sphyngomyelin
📍phosphatidylglycerol
141
Storage form of phospholipid in the lungs
Lamellar bodies
142
Optical density measurement of the lamellar bodies
650 nm of 0.150
143
Diarrhea that is caused bt bacterial, viral or protozoan infection
Secretory
144
Diarrhea caused by incomplete breakdown or reabsorption in the small intestine
Osmotic
145
Causes the brown color of stool
Urobilin
146
Causes black coloration in stool
GI bleeding, iron therapy and antacid
147
Color of stool that Indicates lower GI bleeding and food coloring
Red
148
Indicates bile obstruction or steatorrhea
Pale yellow/white
149
Presence if colitis, dysentry, malignancy in the stool
Blood streaked mucus
150
Its presence indicates the presence of non-toxin producing organisms
Fecal leukocyte
151
Undigested fibers seen with pancreatic insufficiency
Muscle fibers
152
Monitoring of malabsorption disorders
Qualitative fats
153
Stain easily with Sudan III in alcohol
Neutral fats
154
Screening for colorectal cancer
Fecal Occult Blood test
155
Positive result for FOBT
Blue
156
Indicator used in FOBT
Gum guiac
157
Principle of FOBT
Pseudoperoxidase
158
Uses antihuman hemoglobin antibodies specific for globin portion of hgb
Immnunologic FOBTS
159
T or F: blood from upper GI bleeding can be detected by FOBT
False (Upper GI bleeding is degraded easily)
160
Indicative of colorectal cancer
Lower GI Bleeding
161
Number of samples to confirm a (-) result in FOBT
3 samples
162
Sample used in FOBT
Middle of the stool
163
Requires collection of a timed 3 day stool spx & a maintenance of 100 g/day of fats
Quantitative fecal fats
164
Enzyme that differentiates pancreatic steatorrhea from non pancreatic stea.
Elastase 1
165
T or F: ⬆️ fecal carbs are caused by failure to reabsorb carbs or lack of digestive enzymes
True
166
Most common test for fecal carbs
Clinitest
167
Second test for fecal carbs
Intolerance test
168
pH indicative of carbs disorders
⬇️ 5.5
169
Normal pH of stool
pH 7-8
170
Normal value of sperm
75% normal sperm per 100 cells countes
