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Clinical Microscopy (Elsevier) > Body Fluids > Flashcards

Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

Site where CSF circulate

A

📍arachnoid space of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Site of reabsorption of CSF

A

Arachnoid granules of the brain

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3
Q

Blood brain barrier that protect the brain

A

Tight fitting endothelial cells in the choroid plexus

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4
Q

CSF Tube #1

A

Clinical Chemistry/Immunology (less affected by bacterial contamination from spinal tap)

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5
Q

CSF Tube #2

A

Microbiology

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6
Q

CSF Tube #3

A

Hematology (less cell contamination)

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7
Q

CSF Tube #4 (four tube distribution)

A

Hematology (In comparison with tube one for possible outside interference from the tap)

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8
Q

CSF Tube #1 (four tube distrib)

A

Hematology (in comparison with cell from puncture with cells in the 4th tube)

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9
Q

Tube #2 (four tube distrib)

A

Clinical Chem

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10
Q

Tube #3 (4TD)

A

Microbiology

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11
Q

Allowable hour/s to stand the CSF

A

1hr

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12
Q

Adult CSF WBC count

A

0-5 /uL

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13
Q

T or F: Babies have slightly lower counts and less monocytes in CSF

A

False: Babies have slightly higher WBC count and more monocyte

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14
Q

CSF counting is performed by:

A

Using Neubauer counting chamber

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15
Q

Formula for CSF counting

A

of cells counted x dilution / # of sq. counter x vol of 1 sq.

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16
Q

Reagent use to lyse RBC in CSF

A

Percent glacial acetic acid

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17
Q

To ensure adequate number of cells for evaluation

A

Concentration by cytocentrifugation

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18
Q

Normal value of CSF Protein

A

15-45 mg/dL

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19
Q

Protein found ONLY in CSF

A

t Transferrin

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20
Q

Clinical significance: Elevated CSF

A

Damage to the bbb, multiple sclerosis

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21
Q

Clinical significance: Decreased CSF

A

CSF Leakage and trauma

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22
Q

Detects damage to the BBB.

A

CSF serum/albumin index

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23
Q

Formula of CSF serum/albumin

A

CSF Albumin (mg/dL) / Serum Albumin (mg/dL)

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24
Q

Normal value of CSF IgG index

A

0.70 or lower

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25
Q

Detect production of IgG within the CNS

A

CSF IgG index

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26
Q

CSF electrophoresis primary testing

A

Multiple sclerosis

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27
Q

Multiple sclerosis results in CSF electrophoresis

A

Two or more bands are seen in the CSF and no bands on the serum

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28
Q

Destruction of myelin sheath protein

A

Presence of myelin basic protein

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29
Q

Normal value CSF glucose

A

60-70%

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30
Q

Helpful in the differentiation of types of meningitis

A

Glucose CSF

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31
Q

T or F: Decrease level of CSF glucose indicate damage to transport of glucose to BBB.

A

True

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32
Q

Increased when there is tx destruction caused by lack of oxygen

A

CSF Lactate

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33
Q

CSF lactate normal value

A

25 mg/dL

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34
Q

Differentiates meningitis organisms

A

CSF Lactate

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35
Q

Normal value of CSF Glutamine

A

8-18 mg/dL

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36
Q

Increased glutamine indicates

A

⬆️ Ammonia

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37
Q

Value of __ mg/dL disrupts consciousness

A

35

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38
Q

Elevated values of CSF glutamine are seen in

A

Reye’s Snyndrome

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39
Q

Produces starburst Gram stain pattern

A

Crytococcus neoformans

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40
Q

Four components of semen

A

📍Spermatozoa
📍Seminal Fluid
📍Prostate fluid
📍Bulbourethral gland fluid

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41
Q

Germ cell

A

Spermatozoa

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42
Q

Nutrients and fructose for sperm energy

A

Seminal fluid

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43
Q

For coagulation and liquefaction

A

Prostate fluid

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44
Q

Alkaline mucus to neutralize acidity of prostate and vagina

A

Bulbourethral gland fluid

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45
Q

Days of abstinence before sperm collection

A

2-3 days but not more than 5 days

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46
Q

Temperature for sperm

A

Room temp

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47
Q

Sperm spx should be delivered to the lab within

A

1 hour

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48
Q

Normal appearance of sperm

A

Grayish-white, translucent

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49
Q

Toxic to sperm

A

Urine

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50
Q

Fresh semen

A

Clotted

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51
Q

Normal liquefaction

A

30-60 min

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52
Q

Indication of abnormal liquefaction

A

Prostate enzyme deficiency

53
Q

Semen normal volume

A

2-5 mL

54
Q

T or F: Normal viscosity of the sperm form discrete droplets from a pipette

A

True

55
Q

T or F: Decreased viscosity and abrupt liquefaction impedes sperm motility

A

False

56
Q

Normal pH of sperm

A

7.3-8.0

57
Q

Indicates infection in sperm

A

⬆️ pH

58
Q

Increased prostatic fluid

A

⬇️ pH

59
Q

Normal sperm concentration

A

> 20 million/mL

60
Q

Medium used to count sperm

A

Counting chamber

61
Q

T or F: in performing sperm count, diluting fluid is necessary to immobilize the sperm

A

True

62
Q

Sperm count must be corrected from microliter to

A

Milliliter

63
Q

T or F: Spermatids and WBCs are counted together

A

False (separately)

64
Q

1 million WBCs in sperm count indicates

A

Infection

65
Q

Sperm count formula

A

No. Of sperm per mL x spx. volume

66
Q

Contains the acrosome with enzymes for ovum penetration

A

Head

67
Q

Attaches the head to the neck to the midpiece

A

Neck piece

68
Q

Contains mitochondria to provide energy for the tail

A

Midpiece

69
Q

Stain used in sperm smear

A

Eosin-nigrosin

70
Q

Sperm that absorbs the stain is called

A

Nonviable sperm

71
Q

Nonviable sperm would appear

A

Red

72
Q

T or F: viable sperm takes the color of the stain

A

False

73
Q

Fluid found in moveable joints

A

Synovial fluid

74
Q

Large molecules that produces the viscosity of synovial fluid

A

Hyaluronic acid

75
Q

Synoviocytes produce

A

Hyaluronic acid

76
Q

Damage to the joint produces

A

Arthritis

77
Q

Color of synovial fluid

A

Colorless to pale yellow

78
Q

Detects and measures hyaluronic acid

A

Mucin clot

79
Q

Reagent to confirm whether a spx is synovial fluid

A

Acetic acid

80
Q

Synovial fluid dilliting agent

A

NSS

81
Q

Normal WBC count in Synovial fluid

A

200 cells/muL

82
Q

T or F: Synovial fluid is incubated with acetic acid before slide preparation

A

False (incubated with hyaluronidase)

83
Q

Synovial fluids: Primary cells

A

📍Monocytes

📍Macrophage

84
Q

Primary crystals in Synovial fluid

A

📍 Monosodium urate

📍calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

85
Q

Synovial Fluid: Monosodium urate are seen in

A

Gout

86
Q

Synovial Fluid: calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

A

Pseudogout

87
Q

Synovial Fluid: needle shaped, strongly bifringent under polarized light

A

Monosodium urate

88
Q

Color of monosodium urate crystal aligned under slow vibration of polarized light

A

Yellow

89
Q

Color of Monosodium urate when vertical to the slow vibration

A

Blue

90
Q

Crystal seen intracellularly in neutrophil vacuoles, rhombus shape

A

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate

91
Q

Color of CPD crystals aligned under slow vibration

A

Blue

92
Q

Color of CPD when vertical to the slow vibration

A

Yellow

93
Q

Possible species seen in synovial fluid

A

📍Haemophilus sp.

📍N. gonorrhoeae

94
Q

Fluid found in between the parietal and visceral membranes

A

Serous fluid

95
Q

Disruption of process in serous fluid Reabsorption produces

A

Effusion

96
Q

Effusions caused by systemic disorders

A

Transudates

97
Q

Effusion caused by membrane disorders

A

Exudates

98
Q

Manner of collection of Pleural fluid

A

Thorocentesis

99
Q

Thoracic duct leakage and chronic infection give a pleural fluid appearance of

A

Milky

100
Q

Hemothorax and hemorrahgic effusion give an appearance of

A

Bloody

101
Q

Viscous pleural fluid indicates

A

Malignant mesothelioma producing hyaluronic acid

102
Q

Pleural fluid: ⬆️ amount of Neutrophil

A

Peumonia and pancreatitis

103
Q

Synovial fluid: indicates presence of TB and viral infections

A

Lymphocytes

104
Q

Synovial fluid: indicates presence of Pneumothorax

A

Eosinophil

105
Q

Synovial fluid: it is ⬇️ with TB

A

Mesothelial cells

106
Q

Synovial fluid: Tuberculosis

A

Plasma cells

107
Q

pH that indicates the need for chest tube drainage

A

pH 7.0

108
Q

pH that indicates esophageal rupture

A

pH 6.0

109
Q

Pleural fluid cholesterol: transudate

A

45-60 mg/dL

110
Q

CSF serum/albumin index

A
111
Q

% of neutrophils in synovial fluid

A
112
Q

% of lymphocytes

A
113
Q

PlF: serum cholesterol ratio of transudate

A
114
Q

PlF: serum bilibrubin ration transudate

A
115
Q

Procedure done with pleural fluid in microbiology

A

Acid fast stain

116
Q

Manner of collection of pericardial fluid

A

Pericardiocentesis

117
Q

Pericadial fluid: indicates bacterial endocarditis

A

Neutrophil

118
Q

Peritoneal fluid often called

A

Ascitic fluid

119
Q

Peritoneal fluid effusion

A

Ascites

120
Q

Causes of Effusion

A

📍liver disorders
📍intestinal infection
📍malignancy

121
Q

Recommended method of differentiation of peritoneal fluid

A

Serum-ascites albumin gradient

122
Q

PeritFluid: ascite albumin level of >1.1

A

Transudate

123
Q

PeritFluid: Serum ascite albumin

A

Exudate

124
Q

Turbid peritoneal fluid indicates

A

Infection

125
Q

Color of Peritoneal fluid that has a gallbladder or pancreas disorder

A

Green

126
Q

Color of Perit. Fluid that indicates trauma, infection or malignancy

A

Blood-streaked

127
Q

Appearance of peritoneal fluid that indicates lymphatic trauma or blockage

A

Milky

128
Q

Normal WBC count of peritoneal fluid

A

350/muL

129
Q

Where is CSF formed

A

Choroid plexuses

Clinical Microscopy (Elsevier) (2 decks)

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