Body Fluids

Question 1

Total Body Weight

Lean Body Mass

Total Body Water

Intracellular Fluid Volume

Extracellular Fluid Volume

Interstitial Fluid Volume

Plasma Volume

Answer 1

70 kg/100% Wt

55 kg/79% Wt

40 L(kg)/57%Wt/100% Vol

25 L/36% Wt/63% Vol

15 L/21% Wt/37% Vol

11. 5 L/16% Wt/28% Vol
12. 5 L/5% Wt/9 % Vol

Question 2

Electrochemical Equivalence calculation

1M NaCl

1 mM NaCl

1M CaCl₂

1 mM CaCl₂

Answer 2

Molar equivalence x ionic charge in absolute value

1 Eq Na⁺/L and 1 Eq Cl^-/L

1 mEq Na+/L and 1mEq Cl-/L

2 Eq Ca²⁺/L and 2 Eq Cl^-/L

2 mEq Ca²⁺/L and 2 mEq Cl^-/L

Question 3

Osmolarity Calculation

1 mM NaCl

1 mM CaCl_²

Plasma osmolarity

Answer 3

concentration of osmotically active particles

1 mM Na⁺ + 1 mM Cl^- = 2 milliosmoles = 2 mOsmolar

1 mM Ca²⁺ + 2 mM Cl^- = 3 milliosmoles= 3 mOsmolar

280 to 300 mOsm

Question 4

Volume %

1% EtOH

Weight %

1% NaCl

Exception?

Answer 4

volume of substance (ml) / 100 ml of solution

1 ml EtOH/ 100 ml Plasma

mass of substance (g) / 100 ml of solution

1 g NaCl / 100 ml of solution

Standard units of measure are ml for Vol % and g for Wt %

glucose; measure in mg i.e. 100 mg% glucose = 100 mg of glucose / 100 ml blood

Question 5

Total water intake

Fluid intake

water from food intake

produced by metabolism

Total water output

insensible loss from lungs and skin

sweat

feces

urine

Answer 5

2,600 ml/day

1,250 ml/day

1,000 ml/day

350 ml/day

2,600 ml/day

900 ml/day

100 ml/day

100 ml/day

1,500 ml/day

Question 6

Maintain ________ to regulate long term extracellular fluid volume

Extracellular fluid volume must be regulated to maintain __________

To prevent swelling or shrinking of cells, regulate _______

Must maintain ________ to regulate extracellular fluid osmolarity

Answer 6

salt balance

blood pressure

extracellular fluid osmolarity

water balance

Question 7

Transcellular compartment and examples

Restricted compartment and examples

Answer 7

“fluids in transit”; urinary bladder, gut, gall bladder, lymph

fluids occupying extremely restricted spaces; cerebrospinal fluid, intraocular fluid

Question 8

Extracellular Volume

Plasma volume

Interstitial volume

Intracellular Volume

Red cell volume

Normal osmolarity

Answer 8

15 L

3 L

12 L

25 L

2 L

280-300 mOsm/L

Question 9

Na⁺

Cl^-

Prot^-

K⁺

HCO₃^-

Answer 9

135-145 mM

95-110 mM

7 g %

3-5 mM

22-28 mM

Question 10

Na⁺

Cl^-

Prot^-

K⁺

HCO₃^-

Answer 10

135-145 mM

95-110 mM

0 g

3-5 mM

22-28 mM

Question 11

Na⁺

Cl^-

Prot^-

K+

HCO₃^-

Answer 11

14 mM

10 mM

Major Anion

120-145 mM

low

Question 12

Na⁺

Cl^-

K⁺

HCO₃-

Answer 12

Normal: 135-145 mEq/L Path: <125 mEq/L

Normal: 950-110 mEq/L Path: <85 mEq/L

Normal: 3-5 mEq/L Path: <3 mEq/L

Normal: 22-28 mEq/L Path: <10 mEq/L

Question 13

ECF Tonicity in Negative Free Water Balance?

when?

Answer 13

Hypertonicity–leads to concentration of the ICF and the cell shrinking

dehydration

excessive water loos by poor water intake, excessive vomitting or diarrhea

Imparied capacity to form concentration urine (Diabetes insipidus) (so you’re losing water in the urine)

Question 14

Tonicity in Positive Free Water Balance?

when?

Answer 14

Hypotonicity–leads to dilution of the ICF and cell swelling

overhydration (water intoxication, dialysis patients, “water babies”)

impaired capacity to form a dilute urine (inappropriate vasopressin (ADH) secretion leading to excess water retention. Can occur with trauma, stress, infections, pain)

Question 15

ECF Expansion

Answer 15

A lot of water in your ECF due to excess salt intake compared to salt excretion

take more salt, body retains more water to maintain osmolarity of the ECF between 280-300 mOsm

water moves from ICF to ECF

renal retention of fluid to restore total body water osmolarity to normal

Question 16

Indicator Dilution Technique

formula

assumptions

application

accounting for loss

Answer 16

V₁ x C₁ = V₂ x C₂

uniform mixing, no loss or gain of substance, f there is loss or gain, it must be accounted for

In application, the volume used to introduce the indicator (V₁) is neglible compared to the volume in which it is distributed (V₂). Therefore V₁ is ignored:

V₂ = Q/ C₂ where Q = quantity administered, like C₁

Accounting for loss:

V₂ = Q-Q_lost/C₂

indicator loss common with ECV and TBW

Question 17

Total Body Water (TBW) Indicators

Answer 17

D₂O

HTO

Antipyrine

These indicators are common in indicator loss

Question 18

Extracellular Volume (ECV)

Answer 18

Inulin

Sucrose

Thiosulfate

Mannitol

Radioactive Sodium

These indicators are common in indicator loss

Question 19

Blood Volume Indicators

Answer 19

Radioactive Iron

Cr⁵¹

Question 20

Plasma Volume (PV) Indicators

Answer 20

Radioiodinated Serum Albumin (RISA)

Evans Blue (T-1824)

Question 21

Volume measurement without indicators

Answer 21

Blood Volume = PV / 1-Hct

Intracellular Volume = TBW - ECV

Interstitial Volume = ECV - PV